NSG4330 - Midterm #2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

NSG4330 - L3 - heart failure Exam Questions and Answers heart failure (HF): problem with... - Correct Answer️️ -condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen pumping/filling impairment of heart HF associated with - Correct Answer️️ -HTN, CAD (45%) Myocardial infarction (27.5%) Common causes of HF - Correct Answer️️ --CAD -HTN -toxins (cigarette smoking) - obesity - high serum cholesterol Risk factors for HF (some overlap with causes) - Correct Answer️️ -1. Hypertension 2. Diabetes 3. Tobacco/alcohol 4. fam hx cardiomyopathySmart PDF 5. Hyperlipidemia 6. obesity HF characterized by - Correct Answer️️ -Ventricular dysfunction Reduced exercise tolerance Diminished quality of life Shortened life expectancy HF May be caused by an interference with mechanisms regulating... - Correct Answer️️ -Cardiac output (CO) Cardiac Output (CO) - Correct Answer️️ -measurement of the amount of blood ejected per minute from either ventricle of the heart CO equation - Correct Answer️️ -CO = HR x SV (heart rate x stroke volume) preload, contractility, afterload - Correct Answer️️ -3 factors that affect stroke volume Preload - Correct Answer️️ -Force exerted by the blood on the walls of the ventricles at the end of ventricular filling (diastole) Afterload - Correct Answer️️ -amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction (systole) Contractibility - Correct Answer️️ -strength of heart's contractions during systole contractibility affected by - Correct Answer️️ -heart rate High HR: decreased filling time, SV decreaes, CO decreases too Precipitating causes of HF (sudden cause) - Correct Answer️️ -Anemia InfectionSmart PDF Thyrotoxicosis Hypothyroidism Dysrhythmias Bacterial endocarditis Pulmonary disease/embolism Paget's disease Nutritional deficiencies Hypervolemia Precipitating causes of HF: reason - Correct Answer️️ -Increase workload of the ventricles, pulmonary pressure, decreased heart function HF symptoms (general) - Correct Answer️️ -dyspnea, orthopnea, wheezing, fatigue, leg swelling, confusion** (in elderly) HF signs (from objective findings) - Correct Answer️️ -lung crackle