ITALY 1911-46
1861
- New kingdom of Italy established
1870
- Unification of Italy completed
1881
- French claimed Tunisia for themselves
1882
- Italy joined Triple Alliance
1886
- Pope Leo XIII forbade Catholics from participating in politics
1st March 1896
- Humiliating defeat at battle of Adwa
1898
- Protests against Italy’s political system
July 1900
- Assassination of King Umberto I
1906
- Established arbitration courts to settle disputes between workers and employers
1910
- Maternity fund introduced
- Inauguration of ANI
1911 (50th anniversary of italian unification)
- Giolitti became PM (for 4th time)
29th September 1911
- Invasion of Libya
8th October- Ottomans formally surrendered Libya
1912
- Extension of the franchise
1913
- General Election:
PSI growth
Pact between Giolitti and church
Polarisation
- Old age fund for merchant navy
1914
- Church withdrew support and Giolitti resigned- replaced by Salandra
- ‘Red Week’
- Mussolini expelled from PSI
August 1914
Declaration of neutrality
→ intervention crisis
26th April 1915
, Treaty of London
→ announced May 1915 by Giolitti
25th May 1915
Joined war
1915-16 Military stalemate
1916
- Strafexpedition
- Salandra resigned
October 1917
- Defeat at Caporetto TP
- pope Benedict XV’s Peace Note
1917
- Orlando replaced Boselli
- Cadorna replaced by Diaz
October 1918
- Vittorio Veneto
Economic problems following WW1
November 1918
- End of war
January 1919
- Paris Peace Conference at Versailles
28th June 1919 ToV
Post WW1 → mutilated victory
1919
- Orlando replaced by Nitti
23rd March 1919
- Fasci di Combattimento called together
→ squadrismo organisation
April 1919
- Squad attacked socialists in Milan
June = vague party
programme
But = anticlerical
12th September 1919
- D’Annunzio seized Fiume
1919
- Franchise extension
- Change to PR system
- Formation of PPI
→ November 1919 election
PSI and PPI growth
Libreral coalitions
Fascists did extremely poorly
1919-1920
Biennio Rosso
1919-1920
1920
1861
- New kingdom of Italy established
1870
- Unification of Italy completed
1881
- French claimed Tunisia for themselves
1882
- Italy joined Triple Alliance
1886
- Pope Leo XIII forbade Catholics from participating in politics
1st March 1896
- Humiliating defeat at battle of Adwa
1898
- Protests against Italy’s political system
July 1900
- Assassination of King Umberto I
1906
- Established arbitration courts to settle disputes between workers and employers
1910
- Maternity fund introduced
- Inauguration of ANI
1911 (50th anniversary of italian unification)
- Giolitti became PM (for 4th time)
29th September 1911
- Invasion of Libya
8th October- Ottomans formally surrendered Libya
1912
- Extension of the franchise
1913
- General Election:
PSI growth
Pact between Giolitti and church
Polarisation
- Old age fund for merchant navy
1914
- Church withdrew support and Giolitti resigned- replaced by Salandra
- ‘Red Week’
- Mussolini expelled from PSI
August 1914
Declaration of neutrality
→ intervention crisis
26th April 1915
, Treaty of London
→ announced May 1915 by Giolitti
25th May 1915
Joined war
1915-16 Military stalemate
1916
- Strafexpedition
- Salandra resigned
October 1917
- Defeat at Caporetto TP
- pope Benedict XV’s Peace Note
1917
- Orlando replaced Boselli
- Cadorna replaced by Diaz
October 1918
- Vittorio Veneto
Economic problems following WW1
November 1918
- End of war
January 1919
- Paris Peace Conference at Versailles
28th June 1919 ToV
Post WW1 → mutilated victory
1919
- Orlando replaced by Nitti
23rd March 1919
- Fasci di Combattimento called together
→ squadrismo organisation
April 1919
- Squad attacked socialists in Milan
June = vague party
programme
But = anticlerical
12th September 1919
- D’Annunzio seized Fiume
1919
- Franchise extension
- Change to PR system
- Formation of PPI
→ November 1919 election
PSI and PPI growth
Libreral coalitions
Fascists did extremely poorly
1919-1920
Biennio Rosso
1919-1920
1920
