ECPI NUR 138 Pharmacology Exam 1

busy and gave the medication 2 hours after the scheduled dose was due. What type of problem does this represent? A. "Right route" B. "Right medication" C. "Right dose" D. "Right time" - Answer-D. "Right time" Rationale: "Right time" is correct because the medication was given more than 30 minutes after the scheduled dose was due. "Dose" is incorrect because the dose is not related to the time the medication administration is scheduled. "Route" is incorrect because the route is not affected. "Medication" is incorrect because the medication ordered will not change. The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs? A. Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect. B. Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach. C. Absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty. D. Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream. - Answer-A. Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect. Rationale: Drugs given by the parenteral route bypass the first-pass effect. Reduced blood flow to the stomach and the presence of food in the stomach apply to enteral drugs (taken orally), not to parenteral drugs. Parenteral drugs must be absorbed into cells and tissues from the circulation before they can exert their effects: they do not exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream. The nurse is administering medications to the patient who is in renal failure resulting from end-stage renal disease. The nurse is aware that patients with kidney failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase? A. Excretion B. Absorption C. Metabolism D. Distribution - Answer-A. Excretion Rationale: The kidneys are the organs that are most responsible for drug excretion. Renal function does not affect the absorption and distribution of a drug. Renal function may affect metabolism of drugs to a small extent.