SPLH 620 Test Three
Two types of motor neurons contained by the central nervous system - ANS-1. Upper
motor neuron (UMN)
-cerebrum
2. Lower motor neuron (LMN)
-brainstem and spinal cord
What is the pyramidal system? - ANS--The system responsible for controlling voluntary
motor movements (fine controlled, skilled, rapid, etc)
-Direct activation pathway, direct motor system
-Has only one axonal synapse
Two major motor pathways within the pyramidal system - ANS-1. Spinal motor pathway
2. Bulbar motor pathway
????
What does the pyramidal system consist of? - ANS--Cerebral cortex (UMN)
-Spinal cord (LMN)
Characteristics of UMN damage - ANS--Muscle weakness (decreased ROM)
-Decreased control of active movement (slowed movement)
-Increased muscle tone (spasticity)
-Clonus
-"Spastic paralysis"
-Contralateral side
Characteristics of LMN damage - ANS--Muscle weakness (decreased ROM)
-Decreased control of active movement (slowed movement)
-Decreased muscle tone (flaccidity)
-Decreased reflexes
-Fasciculation, fibrillation
-Atrophy
-"Flaccid dysarthria"
-Ipsilateral side
Fill in the blank:
1. CN ___: Trigeminal controls ___
, 2. CN ___: Facial controls ___
3. CN ___: Glossopharyngeal controls ___
4. CN ___: Vagus controls ___
5. CN ___: Accessory controls ___
6. CN ___: Hypoglossal controls ___
7. If there is damage to one of more of these cranial nerves it will lead to ___ dysarthria
- ANS-1. V; jaw movement
2. VII; facial movement
3. IX; pharynx
4. X; pharynx and larynx movement
5. XI; neck movement
6. XII; tongue movement
7. Flaccid
What is the pathway of the spinal motor pathway? - ANS--UMN: cerebral cortex to
spinal cord, descent through internal capsule, decussates in medulla (brainstem),
synapse in anterior horn of spinal cord: corticospinal tract, does not go through the
thalamus
-LMN: cell body in anterior born of SC, synapse with muscle fibers to make a motor unit
What is the function of the spinal motor pathway? - ANS--
Which pathway is involved in direct motor control of body movements (limb and trunk
movement)? - ANS--Spinal motor pathway
What is the pathway of the bulbar motor pathway? - ANS--UMN: cerebral cortex to
brain, descent through internal capsule, synapse on cranial nerve nuclei: corticobulbar
tract, does not go through thalamus
-LMN: cell body in cranial nerve nuclei, synapse with muscle fibers to make a motor unit
-Specialized for direct control of cranial facial movement (speech and swallowing)
How is the bulbar motor pathway organized? - ANS--Corticospinal tract is organized
contralaterally
-Corticobulbar tract is more complex- bilaterally but there are two exceptions that are
organized contralaterally
-LMN related to facial nerve (exception)
-Genioglossus muscle related to the functioning of the hypoglossal nerve (exception)
What is the function of the bulbar motor pathway? - ANS--
Two types of motor neurons contained by the central nervous system - ANS-1. Upper
motor neuron (UMN)
-cerebrum
2. Lower motor neuron (LMN)
-brainstem and spinal cord
What is the pyramidal system? - ANS--The system responsible for controlling voluntary
motor movements (fine controlled, skilled, rapid, etc)
-Direct activation pathway, direct motor system
-Has only one axonal synapse
Two major motor pathways within the pyramidal system - ANS-1. Spinal motor pathway
2. Bulbar motor pathway
????
What does the pyramidal system consist of? - ANS--Cerebral cortex (UMN)
-Spinal cord (LMN)
Characteristics of UMN damage - ANS--Muscle weakness (decreased ROM)
-Decreased control of active movement (slowed movement)
-Increased muscle tone (spasticity)
-Clonus
-"Spastic paralysis"
-Contralateral side
Characteristics of LMN damage - ANS--Muscle weakness (decreased ROM)
-Decreased control of active movement (slowed movement)
-Decreased muscle tone (flaccidity)
-Decreased reflexes
-Fasciculation, fibrillation
-Atrophy
-"Flaccid dysarthria"
-Ipsilateral side
Fill in the blank:
1. CN ___: Trigeminal controls ___
, 2. CN ___: Facial controls ___
3. CN ___: Glossopharyngeal controls ___
4. CN ___: Vagus controls ___
5. CN ___: Accessory controls ___
6. CN ___: Hypoglossal controls ___
7. If there is damage to one of more of these cranial nerves it will lead to ___ dysarthria
- ANS-1. V; jaw movement
2. VII; facial movement
3. IX; pharynx
4. X; pharynx and larynx movement
5. XI; neck movement
6. XII; tongue movement
7. Flaccid
What is the pathway of the spinal motor pathway? - ANS--UMN: cerebral cortex to
spinal cord, descent through internal capsule, decussates in medulla (brainstem),
synapse in anterior horn of spinal cord: corticospinal tract, does not go through the
thalamus
-LMN: cell body in anterior born of SC, synapse with muscle fibers to make a motor unit
What is the function of the spinal motor pathway? - ANS--
Which pathway is involved in direct motor control of body movements (limb and trunk
movement)? - ANS--Spinal motor pathway
What is the pathway of the bulbar motor pathway? - ANS--UMN: cerebral cortex to
brain, descent through internal capsule, synapse on cranial nerve nuclei: corticobulbar
tract, does not go through thalamus
-LMN: cell body in cranial nerve nuclei, synapse with muscle fibers to make a motor unit
-Specialized for direct control of cranial facial movement (speech and swallowing)
How is the bulbar motor pathway organized? - ANS--Corticospinal tract is organized
contralaterally
-Corticobulbar tract is more complex- bilaterally but there are two exceptions that are
organized contralaterally
-LMN related to facial nerve (exception)
-Genioglossus muscle related to the functioning of the hypoglossal nerve (exception)
What is the function of the bulbar motor pathway? - ANS--
