RESEARCH METHODS FINAL EXAM FULLY SOLVED #15
Quantitative research - correct answer Systematic empirical investigation of quantitative
properties and phenomena and their relationships. This data is LIMITED. Number data.
Qualitative research - correct answer Goal is to gather an in-depth understanding of
human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. Investigates the why and
how of decision making. Ex- Performance, OPEN-ENDED (are there common themes
that emerge?), interviews transcripts--> put data into categories (themes).
Different types of qualitative research - correct answer Ethnographic,
Phenomenological, grounded theory, case study
Ethnographic - correct answer Study that describes and interprets a culture or social
group system. Researcher becomes immersed in the day-to-day lives of the people
being studied or uses extensive interviews of the group to determine what they say
about their culture or social condition.
Phenomenological - correct answer Study of lived experiences by individuals who have
experienced a phenomenon. Ex- kids that have a learning disorder.
Grounded theory - correct answer Study which tries to generate a theory of a particular
phenomenon. Interviews of people observations in the natural environment, and
theoretical propositions are developed. Grounded in existing information facts revision
of a study.
Case study - correct answer Investigation in which a "case" (person, event, activity, or
individuals) are studied extensively. Ex- medical cases... Looking at particular clinical
cases.
Four basic ways of collecting data for qualitative study - correct answer Observations,
interviews, documents, visual materials.
Observations - correct answer researcher makes notes about behaviors/events and
field notes obtained in the natural environment (commonly used with ethnographic
studies)
Interviews - correct answer Researcher asks a series of standard questions to
participants (commonly used with phenomenological and grounded theory studies)
Documents - correct answer Journals that people produce.
Visual materials - correct answer data from photos, videotapes or drawings.
Mixed research - correct answer Based on both quantitative and qualitative research.
, Turn this into a quantitative statement:
Qualitative: The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions and reactions of
lower and middle income home owners in Chicago to homeless individuals in that city. -
correct answer Quantitative: The purpose of the study was to determine the difference
between the perceptions and reactions of lower and middle income homeowners to
homeless individuals in Chicago.
Turn this into a qualitative statement:
Quantitative: The purpose of the study was to determine if there were significant
differences in the amount of money wagered at 3 different gaming tables (roulette, BJ,
poker) at a Las Vegas casino across a 6 month period. - correct answer Qualitative: The
purpose of the study was to determine what factors that contribute to a gamblers choice
between roulette, BJ, and poker at a Las Vegas casino.
Three types of research design? - correct answer Experimental, casual comparative,
correlational
Experimental research design - correct answer allows for a true test of the difference
based on cause/effect relationship. Researcher has complete control over cause
because they can randomly select and assign subjects to one of two groups.
Casual Comparative research design - correct answer Group assignment and
membership is pre-determined by classification of participants (males, females, lang.
Dis., etc.). Can randomly select, but not randomly assign.
Correlational research design - correct answer Use to examine relationships between 2
variables.
Empirically-based research - correct answer Research based on data and objective
evidence.
Two ways of Replicating a study - correct answer Direct and systematic approaches.
Direct replication - correct answer Do the study exactly as it was done before
Systematic replication - correct answer Do parts of what was done, but include
something new as well.
Conceptual definitions - correct answer Dictionary type definition. Ex- Rate is how fast
someone speaks.
Operational definition - correct answer Objective and measureable. Ex- Words per
minute, etc
Independent variables - correct answer Controlled by the researcher.
Quantitative research - correct answer Systematic empirical investigation of quantitative
properties and phenomena and their relationships. This data is LIMITED. Number data.
Qualitative research - correct answer Goal is to gather an in-depth understanding of
human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. Investigates the why and
how of decision making. Ex- Performance, OPEN-ENDED (are there common themes
that emerge?), interviews transcripts--> put data into categories (themes).
Different types of qualitative research - correct answer Ethnographic,
Phenomenological, grounded theory, case study
Ethnographic - correct answer Study that describes and interprets a culture or social
group system. Researcher becomes immersed in the day-to-day lives of the people
being studied or uses extensive interviews of the group to determine what they say
about their culture or social condition.
Phenomenological - correct answer Study of lived experiences by individuals who have
experienced a phenomenon. Ex- kids that have a learning disorder.
Grounded theory - correct answer Study which tries to generate a theory of a particular
phenomenon. Interviews of people observations in the natural environment, and
theoretical propositions are developed. Grounded in existing information facts revision
of a study.
Case study - correct answer Investigation in which a "case" (person, event, activity, or
individuals) are studied extensively. Ex- medical cases... Looking at particular clinical
cases.
Four basic ways of collecting data for qualitative study - correct answer Observations,
interviews, documents, visual materials.
Observations - correct answer researcher makes notes about behaviors/events and
field notes obtained in the natural environment (commonly used with ethnographic
studies)
Interviews - correct answer Researcher asks a series of standard questions to
participants (commonly used with phenomenological and grounded theory studies)
Documents - correct answer Journals that people produce.
Visual materials - correct answer data from photos, videotapes or drawings.
Mixed research - correct answer Based on both quantitative and qualitative research.
, Turn this into a quantitative statement:
Qualitative: The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions and reactions of
lower and middle income home owners in Chicago to homeless individuals in that city. -
correct answer Quantitative: The purpose of the study was to determine the difference
between the perceptions and reactions of lower and middle income homeowners to
homeless individuals in Chicago.
Turn this into a qualitative statement:
Quantitative: The purpose of the study was to determine if there were significant
differences in the amount of money wagered at 3 different gaming tables (roulette, BJ,
poker) at a Las Vegas casino across a 6 month period. - correct answer Qualitative: The
purpose of the study was to determine what factors that contribute to a gamblers choice
between roulette, BJ, and poker at a Las Vegas casino.
Three types of research design? - correct answer Experimental, casual comparative,
correlational
Experimental research design - correct answer allows for a true test of the difference
based on cause/effect relationship. Researcher has complete control over cause
because they can randomly select and assign subjects to one of two groups.
Casual Comparative research design - correct answer Group assignment and
membership is pre-determined by classification of participants (males, females, lang.
Dis., etc.). Can randomly select, but not randomly assign.
Correlational research design - correct answer Use to examine relationships between 2
variables.
Empirically-based research - correct answer Research based on data and objective
evidence.
Two ways of Replicating a study - correct answer Direct and systematic approaches.
Direct replication - correct answer Do the study exactly as it was done before
Systematic replication - correct answer Do parts of what was done, but include
something new as well.
Conceptual definitions - correct answer Dictionary type definition. Ex- Rate is how fast
someone speaks.
Operational definition - correct answer Objective and measureable. Ex- Words per
minute, etc
Independent variables - correct answer Controlled by the researcher.
