Texas STR Certification Exam Latest Update Graded A+

Texas STR Certification Exam Latest Update Graded A+ Active Voice A sentence in which the subject is doing the action. Advanced Phonemic Awareness The stage where children can delete, substitute, and reverse individual phonemes in spoken words; typically occurs between ages 7 and 9. Affixes Parts of words that go at the beginning of a word (prefix) or the end of a word (suffix) Affricates Consonant sounds produced when air is stopped first, then forcefully released (e.g., /ch/, /j/) Affrication of /t/ and /d/ before /r/ and /y/ changes in the sound of phonemes /t/ and /d/ before /r/ as in "train" and "drive" Allophonic Variation differences in the way a phoneme sounds in the context of the word vs. in isolation; may change the way a word is pronounced but does not change the meaning of the word Alphabetic Principle The understanding that phonemes (sounds) and graphemes (written letters) can be connected and used to represent spoken language Aspiration of Stop Consonants a push of air that occurs with stop consonants when they are in the initial position of a syllable or consonant blend, or when they precede a vowel Assets-Based Teaching Approach This refers to viewing diversity of thought, culture, and traits as a positive asset as students are valued for what they bring to the classroom rather than being characterized by what they are lacking. Base Words Words that can stand alone in English. Basic Phonemic Awareness the stage where children can identify and manipulate (blend and segment) smaller units of sound (individual phonemes) in words; typically occurs between ages 5 and 7. Benchmark Assessments A type of outcome assessment used to evaluate students against grade-level specific standards and learning goals. BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) Development of fluency in conversations - social language Bound Morpheme Word elements that cannot stand on their own (e.g., roots, affixes, and Greek-based word parts). CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) Development of content and subject area language. Changing Rule When adding a suffix that starts with "e" (ed, er, est) to a word that ends with a consonant and final "y", change the final "y" to "i" before adding the suffix (e.g., happy/happier) Choral Reading A strategy used to build reading fluency where a group of children read a passage together; it can be done with or without a teacher Chunking Instruction planning short, frequent lessons with repeated opportunities to practice skills