DCOM 211 - Exam 2 Questions and Answers 2024

Rules of Transcription - - no capitals unless it's the IPA symbol - no script/cursive - put // or [] around utterance NOT each letter - make symbols correctly - punctuation - no apostrophes used but CAN use periods and question marks - sometimes there are NO word breaks Vowels - - phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract Vowel Articulators - tongue is the primary but since it has muscular attachments to the mandible, changes in jaw position can be linked to vowel production as well Vowel Characterization - 1) Tongue Height: how high/low in the oral cavity the tongue is when producing the well 2) Tongue Advancement: how far/back in the mouth the tongue is when producing the vowel 3 Dimensions of Tongue Height - 1) High 2) Mid 3) Low 3 Dimensions of Tongue Advancement - 1) Front 2) Central 3) Back Lip Rounding - - secondary characteristic of vowels - Rounded (moon) - Unrounded (Mean) In English, most vowels produced in the back of the mouth are rounded, and vowels in the front are unrounded Tense/Lax - Tense: vowels are usually longer in duration and require more muscular effort. Are capable of ending stressed open syllables Lax: never end a stressed open syllable Monopthongs - **One vowel sound - Most English vowels are monophthongs as they have one primary articulatory position in the vocal tract Dipthongs - ** Two distinct articulatory positions - Tongue starts in first position (Onlglide) then glides to second position (Offglide) - off glide is always produced at a higher tongue position than onglide Nasalization - - Occurs when vowels take on the nasal quality due to the position in the word - Vowels tend to be nasalized when they precede or follow a nasal consonant /i/ - - Description: high, front, unrounded, tense - Sample words: flEEt, Eat, wE, crEEk, rEAch, hEAt, recEIve