AP Biology Unit 1 Test Latest Update Graded A+

AP Biology Unit 1 Test Latest Update Graded A+ ∆G -the difference between the free energy of the products and the free energy of the reactants acidic If [H+]>[-OH] adhesion -H2O molecules form H bonds with other substances ~capillary action ~meniscus ~water climbs up fiber amino acids -structure: central carbon (alpha carbon) -amino group -carboxyl group (acid) -R group (side chain) ~variable group ~different for each ~confers unique chemical properties -physical and chemical properties based on R groups attached anabolism -uses energy in order to form bonds/ molecules -go through biosynthetic pathways -dehydration synthesis ATP -adenosine triphosphate -modified nucleotide -adding phosphates is endergonic -P groups unstable, excellent energy donor basic If [-OH]>[H+] bioenergetics -the study of how organisms manage their energy resources carbohydrates -composed of C, H, O -function: energy, raw materials, energy storage, and structural storage -monomer: sugars carbon -all life mostly based on this element -important due to its electron configuration ~able to make 4 stable covalent bonds (tetra valence) ~very versatile -tetravalence allows them to be strung together in chains catabolism -breaking down of complex molecules to simpler compounds -releases energy -known as hydrolysis or digestion