AP Biology 2024 Practice Test Questions with Verified Solutions

AP Biology 2024 Practice Test Questions with Verified Solutions A particular gene has two alleles, a dominant allele A and a recessive allele a. The frequency of allele A is 0.55. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the gene, then what is the expected frequency of genotype Aa? 0.495 (This option correctly calculates the heterozygote frequency from the dominant allele frequency) A researcher is studying two different species. Which of the following sets of observations would best support the claim that the two species have structural similarities as a result of convergent evolution? Genetic Similarity: Low Function of Structure: Same Form of Structure: Different (Convergent evolution results in similarly functioning traits whose structure differs as a result of genetic differences between distantly related species.) A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change. Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane? Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein (Small, nonpolar molecules are able to diffuse through cell membranes, while large proteins are not.) A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane. Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A? Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B (Distilled water from chamber B will move to chamber A because chamber A has a higher solute concentration.) Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes? Simple diffusion through the membrane (Carbon dioxide is a small molecule without a charge and so can pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion) Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process? The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas. (Water has a high heat of vaporization. Sweat produced by the body decreases the temperature of the body by absorbing a large quantity of heat energy during the liquid to gas phase change. In pea seeds, yellow color (Y) is dominant to green