Bio 210 Exam 2 Trident Tech.
What are the functions of the Rough ER? - correct answer-transport and process
proteins for secretion out of the membrane
What are the functions of the Smooth ER? - correct answer-synthesizes lipids and
carbs (glycogen), detox of drugs in the liver, and transport vesicles
What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus? - correct answer-receives and
modifies molecules from the ER, and gives rise to secretory vesicles, membrane
renewal vesicles, and lysosomes
What are the functions of Lysosomes? - correct answer-they are small membrane
sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes; they break down organic molecules, and
recycle worn-out organelles
What are the functions of Peroxisomes? - correct answer-contain enzymes that
break down fatty acids and amino acids; produce hydrogen peroxide as a biproduct,
and breaks down water and oxygen
What are the functions of Mitochondria? - correct answer--powerhouse of the cell
-site of aerobic respiration
-inner membrane is folded into cristae
(the matrix=the innermost compartment)
What are the functions of ribosomes? - correct answer-they are molecular organelles
that are made of RNA proteins; each has 2 subunits and it is the site of protein
synthesis (amino acids are bonded together)
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? - correct answer--provides support
-holds organelles in place
-changing cell shape
What are the 3 major components of the cytoskeleton? - correct
answer-microfilaments, microtubules, and microvilli
What are microfilaments and what do they do? - correct answer-made of 2 chains of
actin; they are involved in changing cell shape, cell division, support, and stabalizing
cell junctions
What are microtubules and what do they do? - correct answer--made of tubulin
protein
-form centrioles as 9 mictrotubule triplets
, -they give rise to spindle during mitosis
-form core of cilia and flagella
What are microvilli made of? - correct answer-a core of microfilaments and they help
in movement of the cell
What are tight junctions? - correct answer-Tight junctions have rows of proteins that
interlock rivet-like to form a barrier to the passage of fluid between cells
What are desmosomes? - correct answer-Desmosomes are filaments that extend
into the intracellular space
What are hemidesmosomes? - correct answer-Hemidesmosomes attach the surface
of epidermal cells to the basement membrane
What are gap junctions? - correct answer-Gap junctions are 6 membrane proteins
that form a ring and allow substances to pass from one cell to another
Where does protein synthesis occur? - correct answer-In base triplets in DNA that
carry instructions for making a protein
What is transcription? - correct answer-Using DNA as a template to make
messenger RNA (mRNA)
What are the three different types of RNA? - correct answer--rRNA= in ribosomal
subunits
-mRNA= carriers instructions for making a protein
-tRNA= carries amino acids to ribosomes
What is a codon and how many are there all together? - correct answer-A sequence
of 3 bases in mRNA; 64 all together, 3 of which are stop codons
What is translation? - correct answer-amino acids are bonded together to make a
polypeptide
What type of cells are diploid? - correct answer-Somatic cells; having 2 copies of
each (2n) type of chromosome
What is the study of tissues? - correct answer-Histology
What are the four major tissue types? - correct answer-Epithelial, Muscle,
Connective, and Nervous
Are there blood vessels in epithelial tissue? - correct answer-No
What are the functions of the Rough ER? - correct answer-transport and process
proteins for secretion out of the membrane
What are the functions of the Smooth ER? - correct answer-synthesizes lipids and
carbs (glycogen), detox of drugs in the liver, and transport vesicles
What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus? - correct answer-receives and
modifies molecules from the ER, and gives rise to secretory vesicles, membrane
renewal vesicles, and lysosomes
What are the functions of Lysosomes? - correct answer-they are small membrane
sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes; they break down organic molecules, and
recycle worn-out organelles
What are the functions of Peroxisomes? - correct answer-contain enzymes that
break down fatty acids and amino acids; produce hydrogen peroxide as a biproduct,
and breaks down water and oxygen
What are the functions of Mitochondria? - correct answer--powerhouse of the cell
-site of aerobic respiration
-inner membrane is folded into cristae
(the matrix=the innermost compartment)
What are the functions of ribosomes? - correct answer-they are molecular organelles
that are made of RNA proteins; each has 2 subunits and it is the site of protein
synthesis (amino acids are bonded together)
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? - correct answer--provides support
-holds organelles in place
-changing cell shape
What are the 3 major components of the cytoskeleton? - correct
answer-microfilaments, microtubules, and microvilli
What are microfilaments and what do they do? - correct answer-made of 2 chains of
actin; they are involved in changing cell shape, cell division, support, and stabalizing
cell junctions
What are microtubules and what do they do? - correct answer--made of tubulin
protein
-form centrioles as 9 mictrotubule triplets
, -they give rise to spindle during mitosis
-form core of cilia and flagella
What are microvilli made of? - correct answer-a core of microfilaments and they help
in movement of the cell
What are tight junctions? - correct answer-Tight junctions have rows of proteins that
interlock rivet-like to form a barrier to the passage of fluid between cells
What are desmosomes? - correct answer-Desmosomes are filaments that extend
into the intracellular space
What are hemidesmosomes? - correct answer-Hemidesmosomes attach the surface
of epidermal cells to the basement membrane
What are gap junctions? - correct answer-Gap junctions are 6 membrane proteins
that form a ring and allow substances to pass from one cell to another
Where does protein synthesis occur? - correct answer-In base triplets in DNA that
carry instructions for making a protein
What is transcription? - correct answer-Using DNA as a template to make
messenger RNA (mRNA)
What are the three different types of RNA? - correct answer--rRNA= in ribosomal
subunits
-mRNA= carriers instructions for making a protein
-tRNA= carries amino acids to ribosomes
What is a codon and how many are there all together? - correct answer-A sequence
of 3 bases in mRNA; 64 all together, 3 of which are stop codons
What is translation? - correct answer-amino acids are bonded together to make a
polypeptide
What type of cells are diploid? - correct answer-Somatic cells; having 2 copies of
each (2n) type of chromosome
What is the study of tissues? - correct answer-Histology
What are the four major tissue types? - correct answer-Epithelial, Muscle,
Connective, and Nervous
Are there blood vessels in epithelial tissue? - correct answer-No
