PSY 366 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

PSY 366 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What is Major Neurocognitive Disorder? Mild Neurocognitive Disorder? - answerA brain disorder characterized by a deteriorating course of deficits in neurocognitive functioning (i.e. memory, attention) that interferes significantly with independent living. What is aphasia? - answerlanguage disturbance Broca's aphasia (expressive aphasia): can't communicate ideas Wernicke's aphasia (receptive aphasia): can't understand words but can pay attention to intonation of voice What is echolalia - answerCommunication abnormality in which an individual simply repeats back what he or she hears rather than generating his or her own speech What is palilalia? - answerContinuous repetition of sounds and words What is Apraxia? - answerinability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function What is agnosia? - answerfailure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory functioning What are executive functions? - answerfunctions of the brain that involve the ability to sustain concentration; use abstract reasoning and concept formation; anticipate, plan, and program; initiate purposeful behavior; self-monitor; and shift from maladaptive patterns of behavior to more adaptive ones. What is Alzheimer's disease? What are the brain abnormalities associated with it, and what are the etiological theories of it? - answerBegins with mild memory loss, but progresses the memory loss and disorientation quickly become profound. Know the different treatments (e.g., behavior therapy, psyhchopharmacological) of Alzheimer's and other NCDs. - answerMedications: Cholinesterase inhibitors) e.g., Aricept, Exelon and Remnyl), prevents breakdown of acetylcholine Other Drugs (e.g., Namenda) regulate of glutamate (improves learning and memory) Atypical antipsychotics decrease violence, hallucinations and delusions SSRIs Help with depression and anxiety In some cases drugs do not work for all patients and have only temporary effects Behavior therapies can be helpful in controlling patients' angry outbursts and emotional instability What are medical conditions that can cause NCD? - answerLewy body disease, Parkinson's disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Huntington's' disease What are some examples of the somatic symptoms of anxiety - answerTense muscles, increased heart rate, changes in respiration, dilated pupils, increased perspiration, adrenaline secretion, inhibited stomach acid, decreased salivation, bladder relaxation. What are some example of emotional symptoms of anxiety? - answerSense of dread, terror, restlessness, irritability. What are some example of behavioral symptoms of anxiety? - answerEscape, avoidance, aggression, freezing. What are some examples of cognitive symptoms of anxiety? - answerAnticipation of harm, exaggeration of danger, problems in concentrating, hypervigilance, worried/ruminative thinking, fear of losing control, fear of dying, sense of unreality. What is an animal type phobia? - answerfocus on specific animals or insects, i.e. dogs, cats, spiders. Snakes and spiders are most common objects because it has been adaptive over evolutionary history to fear these subjects. What is an environmental natural type phobia? - answerFocus on events or situations in the natural environment, i.e. storms/heights/water. Adaptive in that it helps us avoid danger. What is a situational type phobia? - answerinvolve fear of public transportation, bridges, elevators, flying, driving, etc. What is agoraphobia? - answerfear of places where they might have trouble escaping or getting help if they become anxious. Includes public transportation, being in shops or theaters, in crowded places, or being alone anywhere outside their home. What is prepared classical conditioning, and how does it help explain the development of certain phobias? - answerTheory that evolution has prepared people to be easily conditioned to fear objects or situations that were dangerous in ancient times. What is implosion Therapy? - answerclient does not ever come to contact or see images of the stimuli, but rather desensitizes by imagining the stimuli in different situations. What is flooding therapy? - answerintensively expose a client to his/her feared actual/ image object until anxiety is extinguished. Therapist typically prepare clients with relaxation techniques