Microbiology-Scientists and Contributions Questions with 100% Complete Solutions

Antony van Leeuwenhoek - First to observe and describe microorganisms accurately; greatly improved upon then modern microscopes; considered father of microscopy, because he discovered the true microscope. Francesco Redi (SG) - (1668) Disproved spontaneous generation for large animals. Showed maggots came from fly eggs by designing experiment in which raw meat was placed into a sealed jar and an unsealed jar. John Needham (SG) - (1745)Broth experiment. Mutton in flasks was boiled and then covered. Broth became cloudy and contained microorganisms. Argued for spontaneous generation. (Didn't boil flask long enough.) Lazzaro Spallanzani (SG) - (1765) Again boiled broth in two flasks and then capped one. Growth in uncapped flask, not in capped. Louis Pasteur (SG theory) - (1861) Confirmed Tyndall's findings. Placed nutrient solution in flasks. Created flasks with long, curved necks. Boiled solutions. Left flasks exposed. No micro growth. Disproved spontaneous generation. John Tyndall (SG) - (1877) Final blow to SG theory. Demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms. If dust is absent, nutrient broth remains sterile, even if directly exposed to air. Also provided evidence for existence of exceptionally heat resistant forms of bacteria. Joseph Lister (disease) - Antiseptic surgery. Provided indirect evidence that microorganisms were the causal agents of disease; developed a system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds; had patients with fewer post-op infections. Louis Pasteur (disease) - Germ Theory of Disease. Showed that pébrine disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan. Showed that fungi cause diseases of silkworms.