Chemistry Content Knowledge 5245 (Reactions/Structures) Review Questions and Answers

Polarimetry, Spectroscopy, Pressure Measurement Three ways to measure a change in concentration Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, titration Methods used to measure slow reactions with aliquots Zero Order Reaction rate of the reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactant Rate = k[A]⁰ = k First Order Reaction rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant Rate = k[A]¹ Unimolecular: A → products Second Order Reaction rate of the reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration of the reactant Rate = k[A]² Bimolecular= A + A (or B)→ products Experiment Rate law for any reaction must always be determined Arrhenius Equation shows the relationship between the rate constant k and the temperature T in kelvins rate law equation Rate = k [A]ⁿ Arrhenius equation shows the relationship between the rate constant k and the temperature T in kelvins reaction mechanism a series of individual chemical steps by which an overall chemical reaction occurs elementary step each step in a reaction mechanism reaction intermediate a species that forms in an elementary step and is consumed in another but does not show up in the overall equation