Biology 5235 Praxis 2 Review Questions and Answers

observation the act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way hypothesis scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested in ways that support or reject it independent variable variable that is deliberately changed (manipulated variable) dependent variable variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable (responding variable) control group exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for one independent variable peer review in scientific journals allows researchers to share ideas and to test and evaluate each others work. Details about experimental conditions, controls, data, analysis, and conclusions. theory applies to a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypothesis and that enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations. Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a nonliving thin slice of cork, a plant material. Cork seemed to be made of thousands of tiny empty chambers. Hook called these chambers "cells" cell theory -all living things are made up of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells Pasteur French chemist--first to show convincingly that bacteria cause disease. Helped to establish what has become known as "germ theory of disease" when he showed that bacteria were responsible for a number of human and animal diseases Gregor Mendel modern science of genetics was founded by him