Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology 30 Questions and Detailed Answers

Antacids neutralize hydrochloric acid and increase gastric ph, thus inhibiting pepsin. Antiflatulents Agents that break up and prevent mucus-surrounded pockets of gas from forming in the intestine. Digestive enzymes Substances that promote digestion by acting as replacement therapy when the body's natural pancreatic enzymes are lacking, not secreted, or not properly absorbed. Disulfiram reaction Immediate and severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as many other adverse reactions, caused when a patient mixes disulfiram with alcohol. Some medications, such as metronidazole (Flagyl; used to treat vaginal infections), can produce a similar reaction. Emetics Drugs used in emergency situations to cause vomiting so as to remove poisons from the stomach before they can be absorbed. Histamine H₂-receptor antagonists Agents that promote healing of ulcers and act with antacids to produce more alkaline conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. Reach peak at 45 to 90 minutes Laxatives Drugs that help draw fluid into the intestine to promote fecal softening, speed the passage of feces through the colon, or increase peristalsis to aid in the elimination of stool from the rectum. Motility Spontaneous, unconscious, or involuntary movement; may apply to food moving through the gastrointestinal tract or to muscular activity. Proton pump inhibitors Drugs that irreversibly stop the acid secretory pump embedded within the gastric parietal cell membrane by altering the activity of H⁺ K⁺-atpase, the enzyme inhibiting hydrogen ion transport into the gastric lumen, and thus decrease acid not effect gastric emptying Sucralfate and misoprostol designed to assist in the protection of GI mucosa from the effects of nsaids 3 actions of antacids hydrogen ion absorption (buffering the acid), tightening of gastric mucosa, increased tone of the cardiac sphincter, formation of gas that may be released