D265 Critical Thinking Study Questions and Answers

Critical Thinking The ability to think carefully about thinking and reasoning/to be critical of your own reasoning. Propositions The fundamental building blocks of arguments. They are a statement that can be true or false. Simple propositions They have no internal logic structure, they are simply true or false based on how the world is. Freedom should be the highest value for its citizens. Simple proposition Complex propositions They have internal logic structure, and whether they are true or false depends on if their parts are true or false. If freedom should be the highest value for its citizens, then we should promote it in our laws and policies. Complex proposition Argument Contains at least two statements or propositions: a conclusion and one or more premises that lend support to the conclusion. Premise A proposition that supports the conclusion. Conclusion Indicators Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies that, wherefore, as a result. Premise Indicators Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, indicated by. Conclusion The claim that the whole argument is intended to support or prove. Deduction Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion. Types of arguments that are deductive Mathematical arguments, logical arguments, arguments from definition. Induction Arguments where the premises make the conclusion likely to be true.