Braun Applied Pathophysiology- Inflammation and Tissue Repair Practice Questions and Answers

Lines of Body Defense -First: Skin and mucous membranes -Second: Inflammatory response -Third: Immune response Acute Inflammation is triggered by tissue injury and is essential for healing Major goals of inflammation: •To increase blood flow to the site of injury (vascular response) •To alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury (cellular response) •To remove the injured tissue and prepare the site for healing Vascular response -The whole process is orchestrated through potent chemicals, referred to as inflammatory mediators. -Induces vasodilation and increases capillary permeability -Loosening of endothelial cells and basement membrane takes place -Objective is to get more blood flowing to the injured area Inflammatory Mediators: Cell-derived -White blood cells -Mast cells is responsible for the production and immediate release of inflammatory mediators through a process of degranulation •Histamine, leukotriene, prostaglandin -Platelets -Endothelial or damaged tissue cells Inflammatory Mediators: Plasma-derived -Complement destroys and removes microorganisms through opsonization, and cell lysis -Clotting system -Kinin system Chemotaxis process of moving cells to the site of injury with the help of chemotactic factor Cellular adherence leukocytes slow down and adheres to the endothelium Cells active in the cellular response: -WBC