Applied Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Expert Solutions

What is ventilation? inspiration (acquiring oxygen) and expiring (removing co2) Describe the different measures of ventilation. - tidal volume (tv)--volume of air going in and out at rest - vital capacity (vc)--maximal amount of air that can deliberately be moved in or out of lungs with forced inhalation and exhalation - forced vital capacity (fvc)--maximal amount of air that is exhaled from lungs during forced exhalation - forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1)--maximal amount of air that can be expired in one second - residual volume (rv)--volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration - total lung capacity (tlc)--sum of vc and rv What is diffusion in the sense of ventilation? What factors affect the diffusion rate? oxygen entering cells, co2 leaving lungs; Affected by... - solubility (co2 is more soluble) - pressure - membrane permeability What is the partial pressure of oxygen? dissolved oxygen in the plasma, specifically in the arteries; ~1-13% of body's total oxygen is located in the plasma What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide? dissolved co2 in the plasma, specifically in the arteries What is oxygen saturation? the amount of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen I.e. Amount of oxyhemoglobin (hbo2), or the oxygen-hemoglobin combination What is diffusing capacity? - the measurement of co, o2, or no transfer from inspired gas to pulmonary circulation