Applied Pathophysiology - Genetic and Developmental Disorders Review Questions and Answers

What is DNA? Where is it found? What is it responsible for? What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid. 2. Cell nucleus and Mitochondria 3. The storage of genetic information 4. Purines (Adenine - Guanine), Pyrimidines (Cytosine - Thymine) *A-T* *C-G* (Base pairs) What is DNA? Where is it found? What is it responsible for? What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid. 2. Cell nucleus and Mitochondria 3. The storage of genetic information 4. Purines (Adenine - Guanine), Pyrimidines (Cytosine - Thymine) *A-T* *C-G* (Base pairs) What are Genes? Where are Genes located? What are Genes made up of? 1. Small functional hereditary units 2. Specific site of a chromosome 3. DNA What do most Genes contain? 1. Genes contain the information or genetic code What is a Codon? 1. A codon is a nucleotide triplet or fundamental triplet code that is necessary for protein synthesis. What is an Amino Acids? 1. Amino acids are basic compounds produced by codons, there are twenty different types of amino acids. What is a Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)? 1. RNA is a result of reading the genetic code. 2. RNA is similar to DNA but doesn't contain T. 3. Uracil is substituted. 4. The combinations are A-U, C-G What is a Messenger RNA? (mRNA) 1. It provides a template for protein synthesis dependent on a codon sequence that is based on that of the complementary strand of DNA. (cDNA) What are Exons? How are Exons retained? 1. Exons are certain pieces of RNA 2. Exons are retained through ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. 3. Other segments that are called INTRONS are excised.