PLTW - IED EOC Review Terms Questions And Answers With Latest Updates

Innovation - An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. Invention - A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. Design Brief - A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution. Design Process - A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice. Construction Line - Thin lines that serve as guides while sketching or drawing. Hidden Line - A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible, because it is behind or beneath another surface. Isometric Sketch - A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection. Multiview Drawings - Views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes. Object Line - A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object. Oblique Sketch - A type of sketch involving a combination of a flat, orthographic front with depth lines receding at a selected angle, usually 45 degrees.Orthographic Projection - A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection. Perspective Sketch - A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye. Perspective drawings can be drawn using one, two, and three vanishing points. Shading - The representation of light and shade on a drawing or map. Technical Working Drawing - A drawing that is used to show the material, size, and shape of a product for manufacturing purposes. Tone - The general effect of color or of light and shade in a picture. ANSI - American National Standards Institute: A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States. Dimension Lines - Lines that are thin lines capped with arrowheads, which may be broken along their length to provide space for the dimension numerals. Extension Lines - Thin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension. Extension lines begin with a short space from the object and extend to about .125 inches past the last dimension line. Extension lines may cross object lines, center lines, hidden lines, and other extension lines, but may not cross dimension lines. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - A non-governmental global organization whose principal activity is the development of technical standards through consensus. Mean - The average or central value of a set of quantities. Median - Referring to the middle term or mean of the middle two terms of a series of values arranged in order of magnitude.Mode - The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set. Numeric Constraint - A number value, or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure. Annotate - To add explanatory notes to. Assembly Drawing - A drawing that shows the various parts of an item when assembled. Geometric Constraint - Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity. Mock-up - Also referred to as an Appearance Model. A model or replica of a machine or structure for instructional or experimental purposes. Model - A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original. A model is often used to test ideas, make changes to a design, and to learn more about what would happen to a similar, real object. Prototype - A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments. Scale Model - An enlarged or reduced representation of an object that is usually intended for study purposes. Counterbore - A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head or nut. Countersink - A conical-shaped recess around a hole, often used to receive a tapered screw.Revolution - Creating a 3D solid or surface by revolving a 2D shape about an axis. Surface Area - 1. The sum of all the areas of all the faces or surfaces that enclose a solid. 2. The sum of all the areas of all surfaces of a solid. Tap - To cut internal threads. Volume - The amount of space occupied by a substance or object or enclosed within a container. Working Drawings - Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) - 1. A professional engineering organization that is known for setting codes and standards for mechanical devices in the United States. ASME drawing standards are found in the Y-14M publications. 2. The acronym for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Tolerance - The total permissible variation in a size or location dimension. Auxiliary View - An orthographic view of an object using a direction of sight other than one of the six basic views (front, top, right-side, rear, bottom, left-side); used to show a surface that is not parallel to any of the principal view planes. Blind Hole - A hole that does not go completely through the workpiece.