1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Biological Science, 6e (Freeman/Quillin/Allison) Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life 1) Which of the following is NOT related to the five fundamental characteristics of life? A) A bacterial cell divides to produce two cells. B) Sugars are transported on carrier proteins into cells across the plasma membrane. C) Sugars are broken down inside cells to produce energy. D) The gene that specifies skin color in frogs is expressed during its development from a tadpole into an adult frog. E) Giraffes have lo nger necks so that they can reach food sources unavailable to other animals. Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.1 2) Pasteur's experiments proved that ________. A) cells canno t survive in swan- necked flasks B) in order to grow, cells need to be supplied with oxygen C) spontaneous generation can only occur if nutrient broth is left open to the environment D) sterilizing nutrient broth prevents spontaneous generation E) preexisti ng cells present in the air can grow in sterilized nutrient broth Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 3) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. If he had just warmed the nutrient -
rich broth, rather than boiled it, what would have been the likely outcome of his experiment? Cells would ________. A) not have appeared in either flask B) have appeared in both flasks C) have appeared in the swan -neck but not the straight- neck flask D) have appeared in the straight -neck but not the swan- neck flask Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 2 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Spontaneous generation ________. A) was demo nstrated to occur under normal laboratory conditions by Pasteur B) apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began C) occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species D) addresses the formation of new cells from existing cells Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 5) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have structures similar to stems, leaves, and r oots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa consists of just a single cell, however. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory t hat all organisms consist of cells. B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory that all cells come from preexisting cells. C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory. D) The existence of Caulerpa is con sistent with the cell theory. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 6) Cotton- topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should ________. A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive B) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins C) determine if hair length is heritable D) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: E V&C Core Comp : PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.3 3 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. The following experiment is used for the corresponding question(s). A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers. But caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs. How does the same population of moths produce such different -looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identica l cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below. In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers; the other, oak leaves. Th us, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets). 7) Refer to the accompanying figure. Which one of the following is NOT a plausible hypothesis to explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars. B) The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars. C) Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the develo pment of different types of caterpillars. D) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1 Section: 1.3 4 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) Refer to t he accompanying figure. In every case, caterpillars that feed on oak flowers looked like oak flowers. In every case, caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs. These results support which of the following hypotheses? A) The longer day l engths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars. B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or all twiglike caterpillars. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.3 9) Refer to the accompanying figure. Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimental design tested which of the following hypotheses? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twi glike caterpillars. B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. D) The differences are genetic. A female wi ll either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or all twiglike caterpillars. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.3
rich broth, rather than boiled it, what would have been the likely outcome of his experiment? Cells would ________. A) not have appeared in either flask B) have appeared in both flasks C) have appeared in the swan -neck but not the straight- neck flask D) have appeared in the straight -neck but not the swan- neck flask Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 2 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Spontaneous generation ________. A) was demo nstrated to occur under normal laboratory conditions by Pasteur B) apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began C) occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species D) addresses the formation of new cells from existing cells Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 5) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have structures similar to stems, leaves, and r oots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa consists of just a single cell, however. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory t hat all organisms consist of cells. B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory that all cells come from preexisting cells. C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory. D) The existence of Caulerpa is con sistent with the cell theory. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.2 6) Cotton- topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should ________. A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive B) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins C) determine if hair length is heritable D) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: E V&C Core Comp : PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.3 3 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. The following experiment is used for the corresponding question(s). A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers. But caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs. How does the same population of moths produce such different -looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identica l cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below. In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers; the other, oak leaves. Th us, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets). 7) Refer to the accompanying figure. Which one of the following is NOT a plausible hypothesis to explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars. B) The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars. C) Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the develo pment of different types of caterpillars. D) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1 Section: 1.3 4 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) Refer to t he accompanying figure. In every case, caterpillars that feed on oak flowers looked like oak flowers. In every case, caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs. These results support which of the following hypotheses? A) The longer day l engths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars. B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or all twiglike caterpillars. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.3 9) Refer to the accompanying figure. Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimental design tested which of the following hypotheses? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twi glike caterpillars. B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. D) The differences are genetic. A female wi ll either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or all twiglike caterpillars. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.3
