Key
Concepts
-
Exam
1:
medsurg
1
●
Iron
S/E?
○
Constipation
■
Prevent
constipation
by
Increasing
fiber
and
fluids ■
Dark
black
stools ○
Cause
GI
distress
(administer
w/
food
if
intolerable) ■
Iron-rich
foods:
**** ●
Liver,
Nuts,Dried
beans ●
Green
leafy
vegetables
(spinach,
etc.) ●
oatmeal ○
Antidote
of
iron:
DEFEROXAMINE ●
Pernicious
anemia: ○
Results
from
the
body's
inability
to
absorb
vitamin
B12
due
to
the
deficiency of
intrinsic
factor
produced
by
gastric
mucosa
which
is
necessary
for
the absorption
of
b12. ■
Vitamin
b12
is
necessary
for
production
of
RBC ○
Causes:
■
gastrectomy,
removal
of
stomach
part
of
the
intrinsic
factor
that
will be
removed
as
well ●
Q:
What's
the
test
to
identify
pernicious
anemia? ○
Schilling
test
:
24
hour
urine
sample ○
CBC ●
Q:
How
do
u
get
the
specimen
for
pernicious
anemia? ○
In
urine
throughout
a
24
hour
period
Sickle
cell
anemia
●
Q:
What's
the
major
discomfort
if
it
is
in
crisis? ○
Episode
of
acute
“sickling”
of
RBC
clumping ○
Abdominal
and
long
bone,
joint
pain ○
Causes
stress
and
can
lead
to
multisystem
failure ●
Q:
How
do
you
prevent
the
crisis
of
sickle
cell
anemia? ○
Hydration ○
Oxygenation ○
Pain
relief ○
Sickle
cell
anemia
is
a
genetic
disorder ●
Meds:
iron
ferrous
sulfate ●
Cyanocobalamin
(vitamin
B12)
Aplastic
anemia
●
Rare,
bone
marrow
doesn’t
produce
RBC’s
for
the
body
to
function ○
Femur,
sternum,
and
ileum
crest ■
Causes: ■
Autoimmune
disorders ■
Inherited
conditions ■
Medications ■
Infections ■
Pregnancy ■
Chemotherapy
bc
will
destroy
blood
cells ■
Toxic
substances ●
Pancytopenia-
low
RBC,
lower
than
normal
on
everything ○
Q:
A
client
with
pancytopenia
and
bleeding,
what
is
the
first
action? ■
Stop
bleeding
○
Q:
For
a
client
with
a
platelet
value
of
50K,
what
is
the
first
action? ■
Look
for
the
source
of
bleeding
●
Hypovolemia
●
HIGH
HR ●
Low
BP
Congestive
heart
failure:
Abnormal
condition
characterized
by
circulation
congestion
resulting
from
inability
to
effectively pump
(
decrased
cardiac
output)
●
Foods
to
not
be
consumed: ○
High
saturated
fat, ○
high
sodium
-
retains
more
water ○
meats ●
Activities
○
Bed
rest
and
HOB
elevation,
excercise
S/S
of
RT
Congestive
HF:
BACONED
-
systemic
B-
bloating
A-
ascites/anorexia
C-
cyanosis/
cool
legs
O-
oliguria
N-
nausea
E-
edema
/
enlarged
liver
and
spleen
(hepatomegaly
and
splenomegaly)
D-distended
neck
veins
Concepts
-
Exam
1:
medsurg
1
●
Iron
S/E?
○
Constipation
■
Prevent
constipation
by
Increasing
fiber
and
fluids ■
Dark
black
stools ○
Cause
GI
distress
(administer
w/
food
if
intolerable) ■
Iron-rich
foods:
**** ●
Liver,
Nuts,Dried
beans ●
Green
leafy
vegetables
(spinach,
etc.) ●
oatmeal ○
Antidote
of
iron:
DEFEROXAMINE ●
Pernicious
anemia: ○
Results
from
the
body's
inability
to
absorb
vitamin
B12
due
to
the
deficiency of
intrinsic
factor
produced
by
gastric
mucosa
which
is
necessary
for
the absorption
of
b12. ■
Vitamin
b12
is
necessary
for
production
of
RBC ○
Causes:
■
gastrectomy,
removal
of
stomach
part
of
the
intrinsic
factor
that
will be
removed
as
well ●
Q:
What's
the
test
to
identify
pernicious
anemia? ○
Schilling
test
:
24
hour
urine
sample ○
CBC ●
Q:
How
do
u
get
the
specimen
for
pernicious
anemia? ○
In
urine
throughout
a
24
hour
period
Sickle
cell
anemia
●
Q:
What's
the
major
discomfort
if
it
is
in
crisis? ○
Episode
of
acute
“sickling”
of
RBC
clumping ○
Abdominal
and
long
bone,
joint
pain ○
Causes
stress
and
can
lead
to
multisystem
failure ●
Q:
How
do
you
prevent
the
crisis
of
sickle
cell
anemia? ○
Hydration ○
Oxygenation ○
Pain
relief ○
Sickle
cell
anemia
is
a
genetic
disorder ●
Meds:
iron
ferrous
sulfate ●
Cyanocobalamin
(vitamin
B12)
Aplastic
anemia
●
Rare,
bone
marrow
doesn’t
produce
RBC’s
for
the
body
to
function ○
Femur,
sternum,
and
ileum
crest ■
Causes: ■
Autoimmune
disorders ■
Inherited
conditions ■
Medications ■
Infections ■
Pregnancy ■
Chemotherapy
bc
will
destroy
blood
cells ■
Toxic
substances ●
Pancytopenia-
low
RBC,
lower
than
normal
on
everything ○
Q:
A
client
with
pancytopenia
and
bleeding,
what
is
the
first
action? ■
Stop
bleeding
○
Q:
For
a
client
with
a
platelet
value
of
50K,
what
is
the
first
action? ■
Look
for
the
source
of
bleeding
●
Hypovolemia
●
HIGH
HR ●
Low
BP
Congestive
heart
failure:
Abnormal
condition
characterized
by
circulation
congestion
resulting
from
inability
to
effectively pump
(
decrased
cardiac
output)
●
Foods
to
not
be
consumed: ○
High
saturated
fat, ○
high
sodium
-
retains
more
water ○
meats ●
Activities
○
Bed
rest
and
HOB
elevation,
excercise
S/S
of
RT
Congestive
HF:
BACONED
-
systemic
B-
bloating
A-
ascites/anorexia
C-
cyanosis/
cool
legs
O-
oliguria
N-
nausea
E-
edema
/
enlarged
liver
and
spleen
(hepatomegaly
and
splenomegaly)
D-distended
neck
veins
