NBME 31 || with 100% Error-free Solutions.

The most common cause of AHTR? correct answers ABO incompatibility What type of HSR is AHTR? correct answers Type II (IgG and IgM autoantibodies and complement activation (humoral components), NK cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages (cellular components) - MC seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Goodpasture syndrome) What is the primary mediators of a type I HSR? correct answers IgE (humoral component), basophils and mast cells (cellular components) - MC in anaphylaxis and allergies What is the primary mediators of a type III HSR? correct answers deposition of Ab-Ag complexes and complement activation (humoral component), neutrophils (cellular component) - MC in serum sickness, PSGN, lupus nephritis What is the primary mediators of a type IV (delayed) HSR? correct answers T cells and macrophages (MC in contact dermatitis and tuberculin skin test) What should be suspected in an otherwise healthy young female with high blood pressure and a family history of high blood pressure at a young age? correct answers fibromuscular dysplasia How does fibromuscular dysplasia present? correct answers left ventricular hypertrophy, S4 gallop, renal bruits auscultated lateral to the umbilicus, and a bead like appearance of the renal arteries loop diuretics and thiazides differ most markedly in this way correct answers urinary calcium excretion (thiazide decrease, loops increase) In chronic granulomatous disease, which diseases are patients predisposed to ? correct answers Catalase positive bugs and fungus (Staph aureus, B capecia, Nocardia spp., Serrata marescens, Aspergillus) How is a diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease made? correct answers Nitrolue tetrazolium test (tests to see if NADPH oxidase reaction [O2 to O2 radical] if reaction is intact it is blue, if not its clear or dihydrorhodamine test can be used) An aortic insufficiency presents with what kind of murmur? correct answers diastolic (present in Marfan's) A mitral insufficiency presents with what kind of murmur? correct answers holosystolic Enfuvirtide correct answers fusion inhibitor (block the binding of viral protein gp41 to host membrane proteins)