NBME 31 || with 100% Error-free Answers.

Blood from the upper extremities and head and neck return to the IVC via which collateral pathway in the setting of a SVC obstruction? correct answers internal mammaries and intercostal veins facial and inferior temporal veins both drain into which vein? correct answers internal jugular veins; do not have anastomoses with the lower body which veins provide the main venous drainage of the head and upper body? correct answers jugular and subclavian veins - the external jugular veins drain into the subclavian veins which then merge with the IJV to form the brachiocephalic veins What two veins merge to form the SVC? correct answers left and right brachiocephalic veins female, intermittent headaches, fmhx of htn (young), periumbilical bruit, HTN of the upper extremities correct answers Fibromuscular dysplasia: non inflammatory, non atherosclerotic angiopathy of medium sized arteries (renal, carotids) -- multifocal fibrous and muscular thickening of the vessel wall -- resultant stenosis -- secondary HTN describe the angiography in fibromuscular dysplasia correct answers beaded stenosis of the renal artery (distal 2/3 of renal artery or segmental branches) what is the pathophys behind the HTN in fibromuscular dysplasia? correct answers the renal artery stenosis -- excessive production of renin and angiotensin (renovascular HTN) Claudication seen in diffuse peripheral vascular disease is d/t correct answers increased physiologic demand of the skeletal musculature for O2 that cannot be met bc of the fixed obstruction to flow of stenotic peripheral arteries left subclavian artery occlusion with arm raising, exercise induced vertigo, lightheadedness, upper extremity fatigue correct answers Stenosis of subclavian artery proximal to origin of vertebral artery - hypoperfusion distal to stenosis - reversed blood flow in ipsilateral vertebral artery - reduced cerebral perfusion on exertion of affected arm. 15 mm Hg difference in systolic BP between arms. Associated with arteriosclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, heart surgery. larynx drains into which lymph node? correct answers cervical lesions located in the supraglottic region are likely to induce correct answers dysphagia