Pharmacology Chapter 2 Questions and Answers with complete solutions

Pharmacology Chapter 2 Questions and Answers with complete solutions Pharmacology - ANS- Study or science of drugs Drug - ANS- Any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism Chemical Name - ANS- Name describing the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure Generic Name - ANS- Name given to the drug and approved by health Canada under the food and drugs act and food and drug regulations Trade Name - ANS- Name given to a drug product. Registered trademark (usually manufacturer) Pharmaceutics - ANS- Study of how various dosage forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities. Dosage form design affects dissolution Pharmacokinetics - ANS- Study of what the body does to the drug 4 basic processes of pharmacokinetics - ANS- 1.Absorption 2.Distribution 3.Metabolism 4.Excretion Absorption - ANS- Process where by drugs pass through some surface of the body into the circulation for distribution Distribution - ANS- Absorbed drugs are transported to areas for action, metabolism and excretion (by blood and lymph) Metabolism - ANS- Drugs are transformed by enzyme systems (especially in the liver), where they are damaged into a less active or inactive state Excretion - ANS- The inactive drug (sometimes the active drug is eventually eliminated from the body, primarily through the urinary system Bioavailability - ANS- The extent of drug absorption Some factors affecting absorption - ANS- -Food or fluids taken with meds -Dosage formulation -Status of the absorptive surface -Acidity of the stomach -Status of GI motility -Rate of blood flow to small intestine Fastest to slowest drug absorption - ANS- Liquids, elixirs, and syrops Suspension solutions Powders Capsules Tablets Coated tablets Enteric-coated tablets Drug routes - ANS- Enteral (GI tract) Parenteral Topical Sublingual - ANS- Under tongue Buccal - ANS- Cheek Enteral route - ANS- Drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine First pass effect - ANS- The metabolism of a drug and its passage from the liver into the circulation