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Ati med surg RN Helene fuld college nurs 221A exam
Phenytoin (Dilantin) suspension 200 mg is prescribed for a client with epilepsy.The
suspension contains 125 mg/5 ml. How much solution should the nurse administer?
Record your answer using a whole number.
Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: 8 mL
Explanation
Step 1: Determine the desired dose in mL.
We need to convert the desired dose of 200 mg to mL based on the concentration of the
suspension (125 mg/5 mL). We can achieve this using the following proportion:
Desired dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL) = Volume (mL) Step 2: Perform the
calculation.
Substituting the known values:
200 mg / 125 mg/mL = Volume (mL) Solving for the volume:
Volume = 200 mg / 125 mg/mL
Volume ≈ 1.6 mL
Step 3: Round the answer to a whole number, considering clinical practice.
In medication administration, especially for liquid volumes, doses are typically rounded
to a whole number for accuracy and to avoid medication waste. Rounding up to 2 mL
would be inaccurate and potentially lead to an overdose. Therefore, we round down to
the nearest whole number, which is 1 mL.
Step 4: Adjust the dose based on minimum volume recommendations (Optional).
Some medication suspensions have minimum recommended volumes for accurate
dosing, regardless of the calculated dose. Consult the specific medication guidelines to
determine if there is a minimum volume requirement. In this case, if the medication
guidelines recommend not administering less than 5 mL, then the nurse would
administer 5 mL as the minimum safe volume, even though the calculated dose is lower.
,Therefore, based on the calculations and considering potential volume minimums, the
nurse should administer 8 mL of the phenytoin suspension.
A nurse is discussing gout with a patient who is concerned about developing the
disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this
disease? Select all that applies.
A. Depression 0%
B. Deep sleep deprivation 0%
C. Cardiovascular disease 25% Most selected
D. Diuretic use 25%
Answer and Explanation
Choice A:
Depression has not been consistently shown to be an independent risk factor for gout.
Some studies have suggested a possible link between depression and gout, but others
have not found any association. More research is needed to clarify the relationship
between these two conditions.
Choice B:
Deep sleep deprivation has not been studied as a risk factor for gout.
There is currently no evidence to suggest that it is directly associated with an increased
risk of developing the disease.
Choice C:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant risk factor for gout. This is because CVD
often coexists with other conditions that can elevate uric acid levels, such as
hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. Additionally, some medications used
to treat CVD, such as thiazide diuretics, can also increase uric acid levels.
Research has shown that people with CVD have a 2-3 times higher risk of developing
gout compared to those without CVD.
, The mechanisms linking CVD and gout are complex and not fully understood, but they
likely involve shared pathways of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Choice D:
Diuretic use, particularly thiazide diuretics, is a well-established risk factor for gout. These
medications work by increasing the excretion of fluids and electrolytes from the body,
which can also lead to a decrease in the excretion of uric acid.
This can result in a buildup of uric acid in the blood, which can then crystallize in joints
and cause gout attacks.
The risk of gout associated with diuretic use is dose-dependent, meaning that higher
doses of diuretics are associated with a higher risk of gout.
What is the nurse's primary consideration when caring for a client with rheumatoid
arthritis?
A. Comfort 83% Most selected
B. Motivation 0%
C. Surgery 0%
D. Education 16%
Answer and Explanation
Choice A:
Pain management: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that
causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and fatigue in the joints. Pain is often the most debilitating
symptom of RA, and it can significantly impact a person's quality of life.
Therefore, the nurse's primary consideration is to ensure the client's comfort by
effectively managing their pain. This may involve using a variety of interventions, such as:
Administering pain medications as prescribed Applying heat or cold therapy
Using assistive devices to reduce joint strain
Ati med surg RN Helene fuld college nurs 221A exam
Phenytoin (Dilantin) suspension 200 mg is prescribed for a client with epilepsy.The
suspension contains 125 mg/5 ml. How much solution should the nurse administer?
Record your answer using a whole number.
Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: 8 mL
Explanation
Step 1: Determine the desired dose in mL.
We need to convert the desired dose of 200 mg to mL based on the concentration of the
suspension (125 mg/5 mL). We can achieve this using the following proportion:
Desired dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL) = Volume (mL) Step 2: Perform the
calculation.
Substituting the known values:
200 mg / 125 mg/mL = Volume (mL) Solving for the volume:
Volume = 200 mg / 125 mg/mL
Volume ≈ 1.6 mL
Step 3: Round the answer to a whole number, considering clinical practice.
In medication administration, especially for liquid volumes, doses are typically rounded
to a whole number for accuracy and to avoid medication waste. Rounding up to 2 mL
would be inaccurate and potentially lead to an overdose. Therefore, we round down to
the nearest whole number, which is 1 mL.
Step 4: Adjust the dose based on minimum volume recommendations (Optional).
Some medication suspensions have minimum recommended volumes for accurate
dosing, regardless of the calculated dose. Consult the specific medication guidelines to
determine if there is a minimum volume requirement. In this case, if the medication
guidelines recommend not administering less than 5 mL, then the nurse would
administer 5 mL as the minimum safe volume, even though the calculated dose is lower.
,Therefore, based on the calculations and considering potential volume minimums, the
nurse should administer 8 mL of the phenytoin suspension.
A nurse is discussing gout with a patient who is concerned about developing the
disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this
disease? Select all that applies.
A. Depression 0%
B. Deep sleep deprivation 0%
C. Cardiovascular disease 25% Most selected
D. Diuretic use 25%
Answer and Explanation
Choice A:
Depression has not been consistently shown to be an independent risk factor for gout.
Some studies have suggested a possible link between depression and gout, but others
have not found any association. More research is needed to clarify the relationship
between these two conditions.
Choice B:
Deep sleep deprivation has not been studied as a risk factor for gout.
There is currently no evidence to suggest that it is directly associated with an increased
risk of developing the disease.
Choice C:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant risk factor for gout. This is because CVD
often coexists with other conditions that can elevate uric acid levels, such as
hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. Additionally, some medications used
to treat CVD, such as thiazide diuretics, can also increase uric acid levels.
Research has shown that people with CVD have a 2-3 times higher risk of developing
gout compared to those without CVD.
, The mechanisms linking CVD and gout are complex and not fully understood, but they
likely involve shared pathways of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Choice D:
Diuretic use, particularly thiazide diuretics, is a well-established risk factor for gout. These
medications work by increasing the excretion of fluids and electrolytes from the body,
which can also lead to a decrease in the excretion of uric acid.
This can result in a buildup of uric acid in the blood, which can then crystallize in joints
and cause gout attacks.
The risk of gout associated with diuretic use is dose-dependent, meaning that higher
doses of diuretics are associated with a higher risk of gout.
What is the nurse's primary consideration when caring for a client with rheumatoid
arthritis?
A. Comfort 83% Most selected
B. Motivation 0%
C. Surgery 0%
D. Education 16%
Answer and Explanation
Choice A:
Pain management: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that
causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and fatigue in the joints. Pain is often the most debilitating
symptom of RA, and it can significantly impact a person's quality of life.
Therefore, the nurse's primary consideration is to ensure the client's comfort by
effectively managing their pain. This may involve using a variety of interventions, such as:
Administering pain medications as prescribed Applying heat or cold therapy
Using assistive devices to reduce joint strain
