PTCB Practice Questions

PTCB Practice Questions Antibiotic A substance that harms or kills microorganisms like bacteria and fungi Antitoxin A substance that acts against a toxin in the body. data information that is entered into and stored in a computer system. hormones chemicals produced by the body that regulate body functions and processes. human genome the complete set of genetic material contained in a human cell. materia medica generally pharmacology, but also refers to the drugs in use. panacea a cure-all. pharmaceutical of or about drugs; also, a drug product. pharmacognosi the study of physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources. synthetic combining simpler chemicals into more complex ones, creating a new chemical not found in nature. The first physician known by name was Imhotep Hippocrates' approach to medicine was based on careful observation The ancient Greek goddess of Medicinal Herbs was Panacea Derived from the bark of a Peruvian tree, Jesuit's powder, used with other preventive measures, helps keep this disease under control. malaria Aspirin is made from salicylic acid from the bark of the _________________ tree. white willow ____________________ was the first effective local anesthetic. Cocaine From 200 B.C., an early forerunner to the FDA approved drug list Shen Nung Pen Tsao The ___________________ from __________________ is an 1,100-page scroll document containing about 800 prescriptions using 700 drugs mostly derived from plants. Papyrus Ebers, 1500 B.C. The first great book of Indian medicine describing over 500 herbal drugs that had been used for centuries was written in 100 A.D. The Persian Rhazes who wrote one of the most popular textbooks of medicine in the middle ages was a man of science and an alchemist ____________________ was a(n) ____________________ physician who wrote a five volume encyclopedia in ____________________, one of which was devoted to natural medicines and another compounding drugs from individual medications. Avicenna, Islamic, 1000 A.D. The first operation with general anesthesia used ether. ____________________________showed that heat can be used to kill microorganisms associated with food spoilage. Pasteur ________________________ discovered penicillin could kill some bacteria. Fleming _________________________ are substances produced by the body to regulate body functions and processes. Hormones ___________________________identified the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry devotes about ___________________ of its income to research and development. 1/6 _______________________ protect(s) against illegal copying of new discoveries. Patenting The FDA is required to a. ensure that a drug is safe and effective for its intended use. b. to monitor a drug after it is marketed to ensure it works as intended. c. to monitor a drug for any adverse effects. d. all of the above d. all of the above The length of time from the beginning of development of a new drug to FDA approval is often more than ____________________ years. ten The first vaccine to target a cause of cancer: Gardasil The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) requires pharmacists to provide counsel