ATPL EXAM 2024 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

ATPL EXAM 2024 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. What are the forces acting on an aircraft in flight? - ANSWER Drag. Thrust. Lift and Weight What is direct lift control? - ANSWER The elevator / stabilizer provide the direct lift control. What are high lift devices? - ANSWER Trailing edge flaps. Leading edge flaps. Slots Define the two major types or Drag. - ANSWER Profile and induced drag which equals total drag What are high drag devices? - ANSWER Trailing edge flaps, spoilers, landing gear, revere thrust, braking parachute. How do you prevent span-vise airflow on a wing especially swept wing? - ANSWER Fences, vortex generators What is the purpose vortex generators and fences? - ANSWER To reduce spanwise airflow and thereby reduce its effects What are winglets and how do they work? - ANSWER Winglets are aerodynamically efficient surfaces located at the wing tips. They are designed to reduce induced drag. They dispense the spanwise airflow from the upper and lower surfaces at different points. How does a forward center of gravity affect the stall speed? - ANSWER A center of gravity forward of the center of pressure will cause a higher stall speed What advantages does an aircraft gain from a swept swing? - ANSWER High mach cruise speeds, stability in turbulence. Where does a swept wing stall first? - ANSWER A simple swept or tapered wing will stall at the wing tip first. Explain speed stability. - ANSWER It's the behavior of the speed after a disturbance at a fixed power setting What is Mach Number - ANSWER Mach number is a true airspeed indication, given as a percentage relative to the local speed of sound. ATPL EXAM 2024 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What is the critical Mach number (mcrit)? - ANSWER Mcrit is the aircraft's mach speed at which the airflow over a wing becomes sonic. What is Mach tuck? - ANSWER Is the nose down pitching moment an aircraft experiences as it passes it's critical mach number What is the purpose of a mach trimmer? - ANSWER A Mach trimmer is to automatically compensate for Mach tuck above Mcrit. What are the affects of compressibility? - ANSWER The effect of air being compressed onto a surface resulting in an increase in density and thus dynamic pressure rises above its expected value. What changes the aircrafts angle of attack at the stall? - ANSWER The movement of the center of pressure point at the stall causes a change in the aircraft's angle of attack What happens to the stall speed at very high altitudes? - ANSWER Mach number compressibility effect on the wing results in a higher EAS (actual equivalent airspeed), compressibility error on the IAS increases the stall speed What is super stall? - ANSWER Is a stall from which the aircraft is unable to recover. What is Dutch roll? - ANSWER Dutch roll is an oscillatory Instability. It is the combination of yawing and rolling motions What causes Dutch roll? - ANSWER Swept wings What is the three purposes of spoilers? - ANSWER Roll control, Air speed brakes, and ground lift dumpers What our Krueger flaps? - ANSWER Krueger flaps are leading edge wing flaps used to increase the wing chamber How do flap affect takeoff ground run? - ANSWER A higher flap within the take off range, will reduce the takeoff' ground run for a given aircraft weight. What's the purpose is of yaw and roll dampers? - ANSWER To prevent Dutch roll and coordinate turns What are the four reasons for a variable-incident tailplane / stabilizer? - ANSWER Provide a balancing force for a large C of G range, cope with large trim changes. Provide balancing force for a large speed range, reduce elevator trim drag. What is a mass balance? - ANSWER It is another form of aerodynamic balance control on a control surface. What are active controls? - ANSWER A surface that moves automatically / actively in response to non-direct inputs What is engine torque? - ANSWER A force causing rotation What is specific fuel consumption (SFC)? - ANSWER The quantity / weight (Ib) of fuel consumed per hour divided by the thrust of an engine in pounds Why do operators use reduced de-rated thrust takeoffs in a jet aircraft? - ANSWER To protect engine life and improve reliability, reduce noise. What is the purpose of engine re-light boundaries? - ANSWER To ensure that correct proportion of air is delivered to the engines combustion chamber to restart the engine in flight. Why are bleed valves fitted to gas turbine engines? - ANSWER To provide bleed air for auxiliary systems, to regulate the correct airflow pressures between different engine sections What fuels are commonly used on jet aircraft? - ANSWER Jet A1 - waxing point of - 50 C, Jet A - waxing point of -40C. Is there a critical engine on a jet aircraft? - ANSWER No How does INS/IRS find true north? - ANSWER It is aligned to true north by its gyroscopes. What are the advantages of an INS? - ANSWER Very accurate, self-contained system, totally global system enabling aircraft to fly great circle tracks What are the disadvantages of INS? - ANSWER Bounded errors, unbounded errors, Inherent system errors. What does ISA stand for? - ANSWER International standard atmosphere.