BIOD 152- Module 7 Exam Updated 2024

BIOD 152- Module 7 Exam Updated 2024 What are the 2 methods of renal control mechanism? - -H+ secretion -conversion of bicarbonate When and where does H+ secretion occur? - -in response to pH of the extracellular fluid -secretes through renal filtrate Explain the conversion of bicarbonate in the renal control mechanism - -bicarbonate is replenished in the plasma by reclaiming it from the rental filtrate How is the renal control mechanism used during alkalosis? - renal collecting duct intercalated cells can secrete bicarbonate while simultaneously recovering H+ to lower the pH of the blood Normal blood serum levels - Normal pH = 7.35-7.45 Normal PCO2 = 35-45 mm (pressure of carbon dioxide) Normal HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L (bicarbonate) When is acidosis and alkalosis disorders metabolic? - isn't caused the the pressure of CO2 in the blood When is acidosis and alkalosis disorders respiratory? - whether the cause is higher or lower CO2 pressure in the blood What can happen if there is severe acidosis? below 7 pH - central nervous system is markedly depressed causing: -coma -imminent death What can happen if there is severe alkalosis? above 7.8 pH - nervous system is markedly excited causing: -extreme nervousness -muscle contraction -convulsion -death due to the lack of breathing What is Metabolic acidosis? - -lower pH due to lower bicarbonate concentration (HCO3) cause of metabolic acidosis - buildup of acidic metabolic products such as acetic acid, lactic acid, diabetic ketosis or extreme diarrhea What is Metabolic alkalosis? - higher pH due to higher concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3) Causes of Metabolic alkalosis -Vomiting, intake of excess antacids, and constipation How does the respiratory system work to correct metabolic acidosis or alkalosis? - respiratory compensation How does the renal system attempt to correct the disorder? - renal compensation To determine if a patient has abnormal lab values (from a blood sample): - 1. acidosis or alkalosis 2. respiratory or metabolic 3. if multiple abnormal values: determine if 1 of the abnormal values is due to compensation by 1 of the systems Size and location of kidneys - -bean shaped -5 oz -between T12-L3 -right kidney lies slightly lower because of the liver What is the renal Hilus? - A depression on the medial border of the kidney What is the Renal sinus? - where the blood vessels, nerves and ureter enter or leave the kidney