MCB 150 Exam 1 Mastering Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified

MCB 150 Exam 1 Mastering Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified For prokaryotic cells, which statement is correct concerning how the structure of a particular cell component correlates with its function? - ✔✔The cell wall is a tough, fibrous layer that protects the cell and gives it shape and rigidity. In lateral gene transfer, genes are ______. - ✔✔moved from one species to another Which character separates bacteria from archaea? - ✔✔bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall. What does it mean to say that prokaryotic organisms have "compact" genomes, relative to eukaryotic genomes? - ✔✔The ratios between their number of genes and their genome sizes are generally larger than in eukaryotes. If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that cell will - ✔✔increase by a factor of 1000. Which one of the following is a tenet of the Cell Theory? - ✔✔- all cells come from pre -existing cells - all organisms are composed of cells - cells are the fundamental units of life Which of the following statements about archae is correct? - ✔✔- archaea share similar structural features with bacteria, but are not bacteria - archaea share similar biochemical features with eukaryotes but are not eukaryotes _____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. - ✔✔Fimbriae What is a function of a bacterium's capsule? - ✔✔protection The DNA -containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. - ✔✔D (nucleoid region) Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? - ✔✔nucleoid region (bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region) In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? - ✔✔ribosomes (ribosomes are involved in manufacture of polypeptides [proteins]) What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? - ✔✔cell wall The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. - ✔✔plasma membrane (is selectively permeable) The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. - ✔✔C (plasma membrane) For eukaryotic cells, which answer best describes the function of the indicated component? - ✔✔peroxisome: detox center What is another name for a condensation reaction? - ✔✔dehydration (removal of water molecule during monomer linkage) What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? - ✔✔hydrolysis (opposite of condensation reaction; H is added to 1 monomer and the OH is added to the other) Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers. - ✔✔nucleotide Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers. - ✔✔simple sugar (monosaccharide) Protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers. - ✔✔amino acid Which polymers are composed of amino acids? - ✔✔proteins Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid? oxygen carboxyl group amino group a side chain ("R group") - ✔✔oxygen (central carbon atom is bonded to an amino functional group, carboxyl functional group, a side chain, and a hydrogen) Which part of an amino acid is always acidic? - ✔✔carboxyl functional group (contains 2 oxygen atoms that tend to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom, so this group tends to lose a proton and is acidic) Which monomers make up RNA? - ✔✔nucleotides Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? - ✔✔a bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid. True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions. - ✔✔true (enzymes in the digestive tract break down food molecules, which is a process that occurs by hydrolysis) Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. - ✔✔C (the nucleus) Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? - ✔✔mitochondrion (converts the chemical energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form ATP)