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Samenvatting Personen- en familierecht (REP2)
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Personen- en familierecht van mevrouw Gauwloos. Volledige lesnotities met alle (gemaakte) oefeningen en voorbeelden.
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By: melisfindik • 4 year ago
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Personen- en Familierecht: 2018 – 2019ECTS Personen- en familierecht
Je geeft de basiskenmerken, juridische begrippen en regels uit het personen- en
familierecht weer. (REP1.0)
Je hanteert de regels die van toepassing zijn op een correcte manier. (REP1.0)
Je legt verbanden tussen de regels van het personenrecht en de regels van het
familierecht. (REP1.0)
Je identificeert eenvoudige praktijkgevallen en verwoordt een passende en
juridisch correcte oplossing. Je maakt daarbij spontaan en efficiënt gebruik van de
relevante wetsartikels. (REP1.0, REP6.1 en REP6.3)
Je weegt in een concrete situatie de belangen af van de betrokken partijen op
basis van hun onderlinge verhouding. (REP6.3)
Je schrijft gestructureerd. Je maakt gebruik van het correcte juridische jargon.
(REP7.2)
HOOFDSTUK 1. WAT IS PERSONEN- EN FAMILIERECHT?..................................................................................1
HOOFDSTUK 2 – PERSONEN........................................................................................................................... 2
1 WAAR GAAT HET OVER?.............................................................................................................................. 2
2 HET BEGRIP PERSOON................................................................................................................................. 2
3 VANAF WANNEER IS IEMAND PERSOON?.................................................................................................... 4
3.1 CONTEXT 9. HET MENSELIJK LEVEN VOOR DE GEBOORTE.............................................................................................4
4 TOT WANNEER IS IEMAND PERSOON?......................................................................................................... 6
4.1 TOT AAN ZIJN OVERLIJDEN.....................................................................................................................................6
4.2 TOT AAN DE GERECHTELIJKE VERKLARING VAN OVERLIJDEN VAN VERMISTEN...................................................................6
4.2.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden........................................................................................................................7
4.2.2 Gevolgen..................................................................................................................................................7
4.2.3 Terugkeer van de betrokkene..................................................................................................................7
4.3 TOT AAN HET ‘ALSOF-OVERLIJDEN’ VAN DE AFWEZIGE.................................................................................................8
4.3.1 Vermoeden van afwezigheid....................................................................................................................8
4.3.1.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden.................................................................................................................................9
4.3.1.2 Gevolgen= belangen behartigen.......................................................................................................................9
4.3.1.3 Einde................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.3.2 Verklaring van afwezigheid......................................................................................................................9
4.3.2.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden...............................................................................................................................10
4.3.2.2 Gevolgen......................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3.2.3 Terugkeer........................................................................................................................................................10
HOOFDSTUK 3. IDENTITEIT........................................................................................................................... 12
1 DE FEITELIJKE IDENTITEIT: DE PERSOONLIJKHEIDSRECHTEN.......................................................................12
1.1 WAAR GAAT HET OVER?......................................................................................................................................12
2 DE JURIDISCHE IDENTITEIT........................................................................................................................ 12
2.1 DE STAAT VAN DE PERSONEN...............................................................................................................................12
2.2 DE VORDERINGEN VAN STAAT...............................................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Vaststellen..............................................................................................................................................13
2.2.1.1 Uitzonderingen: declaratieve vorderingen zonder terugwerkende kracht......................................................13
2.2.2 Wijzigen..................................................................................................................................................13
2.3 HET BEZIT VAN DE STAAT.....................................................................................................................................14
, 2.3.1 Voorwaarden.........................................................................................................................................14
3 DE IDENTIFICATIE VAN DE PERSOON.......................................................................................................... 15
3.1 NAMEN............................................................................................................................................................15
3.1.1 Naam......................................................................................................................................................15
3.1.1.1 Eerste toekenning: geboorte...........................................................................................................................15
3.1.1.2 Latere wijziging: in principe onveranderlijk, maar ….......................................................................................15
3.1.2 Voornaam..............................................................................................................................................18
3.1.2.1 Eerste toekenning...........................................................................................................................................19
3.1.2.2 Latere wijzigingen: in principe onveranderlijk, maar …...................................................................................19
3.2 WOONPLAATS EN VERBLIJFPLAATS.........................................................................................................................20
3.2.1 Woonplaats............................................................................................................................................20
3.2.1.1 Gewone woonplaats.......................................................................................................................................20
3.2.1.2 Bijzondere woonplaats....................................................................................................................................20
3.2.2 Verblijfplaats..........................................................................................................................................20
3.2.2.1 Gewone verblijfplaats.....................................................................................................................................20
3.2.2.2 Bijzondere verblijfplaats..................................................................................................................................21
3.3 GESLACHT.........................................................................................................................................................21
3.3.1 Eerste toekenning..................................................................................................................................21
3.3.2 Latere wijzigingen..................................................................................................................................22
3.3.2.1 Inhoud van de procedure (art. 135/1 BW)......................................................................................................22
3.3.2.2 Gevolgen van de geslachtswijziging (art. 135/2 BW).......................................................................................23
HOOFDSTUK 4. BELGEN EN VREEMDELINGEN – DE NATIONALITEIT...............................................................25
1 DE KENMERKEN VAN HET BELGISCH NATIONALITEITSRECHT......................................................................26
3.4 OPENBARE ORDE................................................................................................................................................26
3.5 ALGEMEEN........................................................................................................................................................26
3.6 MEERVOUDIG....................................................................................................................................................26
3.7 EENVORMIG......................................................................................................................................................26
3.8 VERANDERLIJK...................................................................................................................................................26
3.9 GEBASEERD OP INTEGRATIE..................................................................................................................................26
3.10 MIGRATIENEUTRAAL.........................................................................................................................................26
4 DE ALGEMENE BEPALINGEN VAN HET WBN............................................................................................... 27
5 VERWERVING VAN DE BELGISCHE NATIONALITEIT.....................................................................................27
5.1 TOEKENNING.....................................................................................................................................................27
4.3.3 Ius sanguinis...........................................................................................................................................28
4.3.4 Ius soli....................................................................................................................................................28
5.2 VERKRIJGING.....................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.1 Nationaliteitsverklaring.........................................................................................................................32
5.2.1.1 Ius soli............................................................................................................................................................. 32
5.2.1.2 Bezit van staat.................................................................................................................................................32
5.2.1.3 Herkrijging.......................................................................................................................................................32
5.2.2 Naturalisatie..........................................................................................................................................33
6 HET VERLIES VAN DE BELGISCHE NATIONALITEIT.......................................................................................34
6.1 VRIJWILLIGE AFSTAND.........................................................................................................................................34
6.2 AUTOMATISCH...................................................................................................................................................34
6.3 OP GROND VAN VERVALLENVERKLARING.................................................................................................................35
HOOFDSTUK 5. ONBEKWAMEN EN ONDER BEWINDGESTELDEN...................................................................38
1 WAAR GAAT HET OVER?............................................................................................................................ 38
2 ONBEKWAAMHEID.................................................................................................................................... 38
2.1 WETTELIJKE GRONDSLAG.....................................................................................................................................39
2.2 DOELSTELLINGEN................................................................................................................................................39
, 2.3 RECHTSBEKWAAMHEID........................................................................................................................................40
2.4 HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID.................................................................................................................................40
2.5 DRAAGWIJDTE VAN DE ONBEKWAAMHEID..............................................................................................................40
2.6 ONBEKWAAMHEID VERSUS BEWIND.......................................................................................................................41
2.7 RELATIEVE NIETIGHEID.........................................................................................................................................42
3 BEWIND.................................................................................................................................................... 42
HOOFDSTUK 6. MINDERJARIGEN.................................................................................................................. 43
1 INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................. 43
4 NIET-ONTVOOGDE MINDERJARIGEN......................................................................................................... 43
4.1 DE ONBEKWAAMHEID.........................................................................................................................................43
4.2 HET BEWIND.....................................................................................................................................................45
6.3.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................45
6.3.2 Ouderlijk bewind....................................................................................................................................45
6.3.3 Voogdij...................................................................................................................................................48
6.3.3.1 Ontstaan van de voogdij.................................................................................................................................48
6.3.3.2 Einde van de voogdij.......................................................................................................................................48
5 ONTVOOGDE MINDERJARIGEN.................................................................................................................. 49
HOOFDSTUK 7. MEERDERJARIGE BESCHERMDE PERSONEN..........................................................................52
1 WAAR GAAT HET OVER?............................................................................................................................ 52
2 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED................................................................................................................................ 52
5.1 MEERDERJARIGEN..............................................................................................................................................52
6.4 GEZONDHEIDSTOESTAND.....................................................................................................................................52
6.5 VERKWISTING....................................................................................................................................................53
3 BUITENGERECHTELIJKE BESCHERMING...................................................................................................... 53
6.6 (ON)GELDIGHEID VAN RECHTSHANDELINGEN...........................................................................................................53
6.6.1 Bij leven..................................................................................................................................................54
6.6.2 Na overlijden..........................................................................................................................................54
6.7 INFORMEEL BEWIND...........................................................................................................................................55
6.7.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................55
6.7.2 Toepassingsgebied.................................................................................................................................55
6.7.3 Aanvang.................................................................................................................................................55
6.7.4 Inhoud....................................................................................................................................................56
6.7.4.1 Regel............................................................................................................................................................... 56
6.7.4.2 Bekwaamheid.................................................................................................................................................56
4 RECHTERLIJKE BESCHERMING.................................................................................................................... 57
6.8 DE ONBEKWAAMHEID.........................................................................................................................................57
6.8.1 Bepaling van de onbekwaamheid..........................................................................................................57
6.8.1.1 Onder algemene titel of bijzonder..................................................................................................................57
6.8.1.2 Volledig of beperkt..........................................................................................................................................58
6.8.1.3 Aanvang.......................................................................................................................................................... 59
6.9 HET BEWIND.....................................................................................................................................................61
6.9.1 Situering.................................................................................................................................................61
6.9.2 Organisatie.............................................................................................................................................61
6.9.3 Werking..................................................................................................................................................62
6.9.3.1 Algemene bepalingen.....................................................................................................................................62
6.9.3.2 Bijstand...........................................................................................................................................................63
6.9.3.3 Vertegenwoordiging en beheer......................................................................................................................63
HOOFDSTUK 9. FAMILIES.............................................................................................................................. 66
1 PARTNERS: HORIZONTAAL FAMILIERECHT................................................................................................. 66
, 5 OUDERS EN KINDEREN: VERTICAAL FAMILIERECHT....................................................................................66
6 VERWANTEN............................................................................................................................................. 66
HOOFDSTUK 15. VERWANTEN...................................................................................................................... 67
1 WIE ZIJN DE VERWANTEN?........................................................................................................................ 67
6.10 VERWANTSCHAPSLIJNEN....................................................................................................................................68
6.11 VERWANTSCHAPSGRADEN..................................................................................................................................68
HOOFDSTUK 10. ECHTGENOTEN................................................................................................................... 69
1 WAAR GAAT HET OVER?............................................................................................................................ 69
7 AANGAAN................................................................................................................................................. 69
6.12 GRONDVOORWAARDEN.....................................................................................................................................69
6.12.1 Leven....................................................................................................................................................69
6.12.2 Geslacht...............................................................................................................................................69
6.12.3 Toestemming.......................................................................................................................................69
6.12.3.1 Algemeen......................................................................................................................................................69
6.12.3.2 Wilsgebreken................................................................................................................................................71
6.12.4 Bekwaamheid......................................................................................................................................72
6.12.4.1 Minderjarigen...............................................................................................................................................72
6.12.4.2 Meerderjarige beschermde personen...........................................................................................................74
6.12.5 Twee personen.....................................................................................................................................76
6.12.6 Monogamie..........................................................................................................................................76
6.12.7 Incestverbod.........................................................................................................................................77
6.13 NIETIGHEID VAN HET HUWELIJK..........................................................................................................................79
8 INHOUD.................................................................................................................................................... 81
6.14 ALGEMEEN......................................................................................................................................................81
6.15 PERSOONSRECHTELIJKE INHOUD VAN HET HUWELIJK...............................................................................................82
6.16 VERMOGENSRECHTELIJKE INHOUD VAN HET HUWELIJK............................................................................................82
6.16.1 De bescherming van de voornaamste gezinswoning en het huisraad................................................82
6.16.2 De hulp- en bijdrageplichten................................................................................................................83
6.16.3 Hoofdelijke gehoudenheid...................................................................................................................83
6.17 DRINGENDE MAATREGELEN................................................................................................................................85
6.17.1 Toepassingsvoorwaarden....................................................................................................................85
6.17.1.1 Grof plichtsverzuim of ernstige verstoring van de verstandhouding.............................................................85
6.17.1.2 Dringende maatregelen................................................................................................................................85
6.18 DE FEITELIJKE SCHEIDING...................................................................................................................................86
6.18.1 Soorten.................................................................................................................................................86
6.18.2 Gevolgen..............................................................................................................................................86
9 ONTBINDING............................................................................................................................................. 88
6.19 ONTBINDING DOOR OVERLIJDEN.........................................................................................................................88
6.20 ONTBINDING DOOR ECHTSCHEIDING (INLEIDING)...................................................................................................88
6.21 DE ECHTSCHEIDING OP GROND VAN ONHERSTELBARE ONTWRICHTING VAN HET HUWELIJK (EOO)..................................88
6.21.1 Gronden...............................................................................................................................................88
6.21.1.1 Algemene opmerkingen................................................................................................................................88
6.21.1.2 Dadelijke echtscheiding op grond van onherstelbare ontwrichting..............................................................89
6.21.1.3 De feitelijke scheiding en het herhaalde verzoek tot echtscheiding.............................................................89
6.21.2 Voorlopige maatregelen......................................................................................................................92
6.21.3 De gevolgen van de echtscheiding op grond van onherstelbare ontwrichting...................................92
6.22 DE ECHTSCHEIDING DOOR ONDERLINGE TOESTEMMING (EOT).................................................................................94
6.22.1 Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................94
6.22.2 Voorwaarden.......................................................................................................................................94
6.22.2.1 Een voorafgaande overeenkomst.................................................................................................................94
6.22.2.2 Wijzigingen aan de voorafgaande overeenkomsten tijdens de procedure...................................................95
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