HY 103 Brasher Test 1 | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version

How did the "first Americans" get here and what accounts for the diversity of their cultures? - The "first Americans" got here by land bridge. They followed mastodons for food when the water levels were low. They are so diverse because of the climates where they settled: Fertile Mexican climate created trading and wealth for Aztecs/Mayans/Incas. Great plains created a roaming culture because they migrated to follow animals. How and why did Native-American concepts of land usage differ from that of Europeans? - Native Americans believe in many gods and that these Gods live in nature, so they could only use the land to survive. Enriching yourself off the land would make the Gods mad. Europeans thought the land was made for them to use by their God, so they took it. What were the motivations that first brought Spanish explorers to the New World? What were they looking for? - When Portugal found a better route to the far east for trade (went around Africa), the Portuguese became very rich, so Spain wanted to do the same. They were looking for a shorter route going through the West. Others like Cortez, Pizarro, and Ponce de Lion came looking for wealth in gold/silver. Which nations had the most success in creating a profitable New World empire prior to the 1600's? How and why? - Spain had great success in the New World by defeating Indian tribes with their enemies and germs. They made a lot of money off trade and spread their religion. France settled in Canada and traded fur with the natives. Understand England's failures in trying to get into the colony business. - England was going through a lot of drama with the Protestant reformation/Bloody mary/Protestant elizabeth. Frobisher failed twice (fool's gold), Gilbert got lost at sea, Raleigh picked up Gilbert's mission and established Roanoke which disappeared after 2 years. Leads to Spain thinking they are weak so they attack (Spanish Armada) ***In regards to colonization, what did Spain, France, and England each have at the start of the 1600s? - England had Jamestown, France had Canada area, and Spanish had Florida What were the conclusions to this lecture (in other words, what did all of this stuff prove?) - Europeans felt justified taking land because of their religious differences. In doing so, Spain andFrance built mighty empires. England lagged behind, but had a strong belief that one more try might do the trick with God on their side. Why did James I grant a charter to the Virginia company? Where did they settle and why? Explain the reasons for the hardships they encountered. - James I gave VA a charter to try and win the devotion of his people and be a respected king. They settled where they landed in Chesapeake Bay. The leadership was the white male land owners, aka "gentlemen." They never worked and were unfair to those who did. Sluggish environment made for bacteria ridden water, sickness, and death. Chief Powhatan also did not want them to become self sufficient, so he forced them to stay in their fort, causing even more sickness and death What things happened that changed the fortunes of the colony? - Thomas Dale came and said if you don't work, you don't eat. Rolfe married Pocahontas and solved the Indian problem, and they found their profit in tobacco. What crop did they find that would be profitable, and how did that crop shape their settlement patterns and society (tobacco culture)? - Tobacco was their profit in the new world. Tobacco culture created import/export economy, spread out land, anxious elite think now that everyone has land they are less important, so they made dress codes and tried to fight public school to be the only educated ones Why did the Virginia Company collapse, and in what ways was the colony of Virginia a model colony for the other southern colonies? - the VA company collapsed when the English looked into the colony amidst the race war. They found out they were cheating their investors and 8/10 were dead. So they took away their charter and