Henry VII
Consolidation of Power:
a) ‘Henry VII had successfully established monarchical authority by 1509.’ Assess the
validity of this view.
Shortened Factors: (All link to establishing dynasty)
Legitimacy
- Dated reign and coronation (August 21st and October 30th)
- Married Elizabeth of York (Year Late) + Tudor Rose
- Prince Arthur
- Right by conquest usually accepted
Opposition to throne
- Warwick detained (nephew of Richard III)
- Lambert Simnel (King of Ireland/ Earl of Warwick) exposed by Henry showing real Warwick
and Pole fled. June 1487 Pole + Simnel arrived with 2000 mercenaries from Margaret. Henry
reinstated Oxford for Stoke Field and was lenient in victory.
- Perkin Warbeck (Richard Duke of York) gathered support from Charles 8, Margaret, James
and Lord Chamberlain William Stanley until failing to exploit the Cornish Rebellion in 1497
(led by Lord Audley and 15,000 rebels). Henry executed Stanley (1495) and Warbeck +
Warwick in 1499 after supposedly attempting to escape together.
- Stopped appointing nobility (25% died every 25 years) instead Order of Garter
Government
- Acts of Attainder (threat and revenue) 46/138 reversed
- Acts Against Retaining 1487 and 1504 fined his own mother.
- Bonds and recognisances (nobility breached conditions pay money) Marquess of Dorset
agreed to pay £100k if she didn't show 'good behaviour'. Westmorland 10k after Bosworth.
- 21 Statutes passed during Henry’s reign to increase the power of the JPs and supersede the
Sheriffs. Given power to grant bail to those awaiting trial and to replace juries tainted by
magnates. (French system paid officials better)
Government:
Nobility
- Acts of Attainder (threat and revenue) 46/138 reversed
- Acts Against Retaining 1487 and 1504 fined his own mother.
- Bonds and recognisances (nobility breached conditions pay money) Marquess of Dorset
agreed to pay £100k if she didn't show 'good behaviour'. Westmorland 10k after Bosworth.
- 21 Statutes passed during Henry’s reign to increase the power of the JPs and supersede the
Sheriffs. Given power to grant bail to those awaiting trial and to replace juries tainted by
magnates. (French system paid officials better)
, - Patronage (result of loyalty instead in hopes of receiving it - meritocracy) Daubeney
promoted to peerage, also Order of the Garter
Finance
- The Council Learned founded under Reginald Bray (revenue, prerogative). Summoned could
not appeal and Thomas Penn argued it created fear and anger (rejoicing in streets execution)
- Crown lands income (£12k - £42k) (Henry reverted from the Court of Exchequer to Edward’s
system of administration through the chamber)
- Feudal Dues (revenue from estate of minors - wardship and fine marriages without royal
licence - stop power blocs) Duchess of Buckingham fined £7000
- Treaty of Etaples granted Henry £159,000 and an annual pension of £500
- Parliament granted Henry VII a subsidy of £100,000 to help defend Brittany in 1488
Legitimacy
- Dated reign and coronation
- Married Elizabeth of York + Tudor Rose
- Prince Arthur
- Right by conquest usually accepted
Opposition to throne
- Warwick detained (nephew of Richard III)
- Lambert Simnel (King of Ireland/ Earl of Warwick) exposed by Henry showing real Warwick
and Pole fled. June 1487 Pole + Simnel arrived with 2000 mercenaries from Margaret. Henry
reinstated Oxford for Stoke Field and was lenient in victory.
- Perkin Warbeck (Richard Duke of York) gathered support from Charles 8, Margaret, James
and Lord Chamberlain William Stanley until failing to exploit the Cornish Rebellion in 1497
(led by Lord Audley and 15,000 rebels). Henry executed Stanley (1495) and Warbeck +
Warwick in 1499 after supposedly attempting to escape together.
- Stopped appointing nobility (25% died every 25 years) instead Order of Garter
Other Government Info:
- The Court was originally dominated by the Chamber, presided over by the Lord
Chamberlain, where him and other senior household staff were influential courtiers.
After Stanley’s treason in 1495, it was remodelled creating a new Privy Chamber
where the king could retreat to be amongst his most intimate servants like the Groom
of the Stool
- The Kings Council consisted of Henry’s trusted servants, with his five key
councillors aligning themselves with Henry before Bosworth - Bray, Daubeney,
Guildford, Lovell and Riselly
- The Great Council was called five times throughout his reign, usually in moments of
emergency when Parliament would take too long. It consisted of the nobility and was
used to gain agreement and support for controversial issues. If a noble had been
included in a major decision, they could hardly criticise Henry for the policy
afterwards. E.g. 1488 to authorise a subsidy for the campaign in Brittany
- The Court of Equity was created where the monarch could dispense justice if the
law was unable to deal with a crime adequately. E.g. if the defendant was very
powerful locally making juries scared to convict.
Consolidation of Power:
a) ‘Henry VII had successfully established monarchical authority by 1509.’ Assess the
validity of this view.
Shortened Factors: (All link to establishing dynasty)
Legitimacy
- Dated reign and coronation (August 21st and October 30th)
- Married Elizabeth of York (Year Late) + Tudor Rose
- Prince Arthur
- Right by conquest usually accepted
Opposition to throne
- Warwick detained (nephew of Richard III)
- Lambert Simnel (King of Ireland/ Earl of Warwick) exposed by Henry showing real Warwick
and Pole fled. June 1487 Pole + Simnel arrived with 2000 mercenaries from Margaret. Henry
reinstated Oxford for Stoke Field and was lenient in victory.
- Perkin Warbeck (Richard Duke of York) gathered support from Charles 8, Margaret, James
and Lord Chamberlain William Stanley until failing to exploit the Cornish Rebellion in 1497
(led by Lord Audley and 15,000 rebels). Henry executed Stanley (1495) and Warbeck +
Warwick in 1499 after supposedly attempting to escape together.
- Stopped appointing nobility (25% died every 25 years) instead Order of Garter
Government
- Acts of Attainder (threat and revenue) 46/138 reversed
- Acts Against Retaining 1487 and 1504 fined his own mother.
- Bonds and recognisances (nobility breached conditions pay money) Marquess of Dorset
agreed to pay £100k if she didn't show 'good behaviour'. Westmorland 10k after Bosworth.
- 21 Statutes passed during Henry’s reign to increase the power of the JPs and supersede the
Sheriffs. Given power to grant bail to those awaiting trial and to replace juries tainted by
magnates. (French system paid officials better)
Government:
Nobility
- Acts of Attainder (threat and revenue) 46/138 reversed
- Acts Against Retaining 1487 and 1504 fined his own mother.
- Bonds and recognisances (nobility breached conditions pay money) Marquess of Dorset
agreed to pay £100k if she didn't show 'good behaviour'. Westmorland 10k after Bosworth.
- 21 Statutes passed during Henry’s reign to increase the power of the JPs and supersede the
Sheriffs. Given power to grant bail to those awaiting trial and to replace juries tainted by
magnates. (French system paid officials better)
, - Patronage (result of loyalty instead in hopes of receiving it - meritocracy) Daubeney
promoted to peerage, also Order of the Garter
Finance
- The Council Learned founded under Reginald Bray (revenue, prerogative). Summoned could
not appeal and Thomas Penn argued it created fear and anger (rejoicing in streets execution)
- Crown lands income (£12k - £42k) (Henry reverted from the Court of Exchequer to Edward’s
system of administration through the chamber)
- Feudal Dues (revenue from estate of minors - wardship and fine marriages without royal
licence - stop power blocs) Duchess of Buckingham fined £7000
- Treaty of Etaples granted Henry £159,000 and an annual pension of £500
- Parliament granted Henry VII a subsidy of £100,000 to help defend Brittany in 1488
Legitimacy
- Dated reign and coronation
- Married Elizabeth of York + Tudor Rose
- Prince Arthur
- Right by conquest usually accepted
Opposition to throne
- Warwick detained (nephew of Richard III)
- Lambert Simnel (King of Ireland/ Earl of Warwick) exposed by Henry showing real Warwick
and Pole fled. June 1487 Pole + Simnel arrived with 2000 mercenaries from Margaret. Henry
reinstated Oxford for Stoke Field and was lenient in victory.
- Perkin Warbeck (Richard Duke of York) gathered support from Charles 8, Margaret, James
and Lord Chamberlain William Stanley until failing to exploit the Cornish Rebellion in 1497
(led by Lord Audley and 15,000 rebels). Henry executed Stanley (1495) and Warbeck +
Warwick in 1499 after supposedly attempting to escape together.
- Stopped appointing nobility (25% died every 25 years) instead Order of Garter
Other Government Info:
- The Court was originally dominated by the Chamber, presided over by the Lord
Chamberlain, where him and other senior household staff were influential courtiers.
After Stanley’s treason in 1495, it was remodelled creating a new Privy Chamber
where the king could retreat to be amongst his most intimate servants like the Groom
of the Stool
- The Kings Council consisted of Henry’s trusted servants, with his five key
councillors aligning themselves with Henry before Bosworth - Bray, Daubeney,
Guildford, Lovell and Riselly
- The Great Council was called five times throughout his reign, usually in moments of
emergency when Parliament would take too long. It consisted of the nobility and was
used to gain agreement and support for controversial issues. If a noble had been
included in a major decision, they could hardly criticise Henry for the policy
afterwards. E.g. 1488 to authorise a subsidy for the campaign in Brittany
- The Court of Equity was created where the monarch could dispense justice if the
law was unable to deal with a crime adequately. E.g. if the defendant was very
powerful locally making juries scared to convict.
