Biology EOC Exam Questions With Correct Answers Latest (Verified)

Biology EOC Exam Questions With Correct Answers Latest (Verified) The model below represents a cell membrane. What is the role of ATP in this process? - ANSWER provide energy for the active transport of molecules across the cell membrane 2. If a cell is in an environment that has a greater concentration of salt than the cytoplasm inside the cell, the cell will most likely: - ANSWER lose water 3. What is the function of the cellular structure labeled "A" in the diagram below. - ANSWER breaks down food to release energy 4. Which of the following is an example of molecular synthesis within a cell? - ANSWER glucose bonding to form starch 5. A paramecium maintains homeostasis in a hypotonic environment by allowing water to diffuse into the cell and contracting its vacuole to pump water out of the cell. Based on this information, which of the following is true? - ANSWER More energy is required for the cell to maintain homeostasis in a hyper tonic environment 6. Glucose is a sugar that plays an important role in both plant and animal cells. Which statement best describes the role of glucose? - ANSWER Glucose is synthesized during photosynthesis in plant cells. 7. What would be a possible description for the letters A, B, and C in the diagram comparing viruses and cells? - ANSWER A - protein coat; B - nucleic acids; C - nucleus 8. Viral reproduction can be simplified in the following sequence. What process is missing from this descriptive model? - ANSWER the virus releases its nucleic acids Biology EOC Exam Questions With Correct Answers Latest (Verified) 9. Scientists are able to determine that a disease has the following characteristics: • no self-metabolic p rocess • rapid reproduction • does not respond t o antibiotics Which of the following answer choices is a possible identification of this disease? - ANSWER influenza 10. HIV only effects humans because: - ANSWER the virus targets human T-cells as its host cell 11. Mr. Katz researches information on how virus and bacteria compare with one another. Which of the following would be a true generalization? - ANSWER Bacteria and viruses reproduce using genetic coding found in nucleic acids. 12. In the chart comparing the structure of viruses and cells, which best fits the missing description? - ANSWER protein coat tiny non-living structure that depends on a host cell to reproduce - ANSWER Virus Supports and protects cell membrane in plant cells - ANSWER Cell wall simple cells without organelles - ANSWER Prokaryotic Specialized functional bodies within the cytoplasm of a cell - ANSWER Organelles regulation of conditions within a cell which allows for stable equilibrium - ANSWER Homeostasis Organelle that holds water; particularly large in plant cells - ANSWER Vaculoe Complex cells containing organelles with specific functions - ANSWER Eukaryotic Controls the cell's activities; contains the cell's DNA - ANSWER Nucleus Solution with a relatively higher solute concentration (such as salt) - ANSWER Hypotonic contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis in plant cells - ANSWER chloroplast solution with a relatively lower solute concentration (such as salt) - ANSWER Hypotonic diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane requiring no energy - ANSWER Passive transport a biological molecule, such as DNA or RNA, that contain genetic coding - ANSWER nucleic acids suspends organelles in a eukaryotic cell; enclosed by the cell membrane - ANSWER cytoplasm a particular type of cell that is targeted by a virus for reproduction - ANSWER host cell the tendency of a substance to move from a higher concentration to lower concentration - ANSWER diffusion movement of a substance across a cell membrane requiring the use of energy - ANSWER active transport organelle responsible for breaking down food into energy - ANSWER mitochondria controls what leaves and enters the cell; maintains homeostasis - ANSWER cell membrane 1. A human cell undergoes the following processes. • Chromatin condens es into chromosomes. • The chromosomes align in the middle of cell. • The chromosomal sets are pulled to opposite ends of the sets. What is the next process the cell will undergo? - ANSWER The cell membrane will collapse around the two sets of chromosomes. 2. Cell cycle is important to organisms because it allows them to: - ANSWER Continual renewal of internal organs & Growth of an adolescent into a mature adult 3. Describe the cell cycle step and process that is occurring in the picture below? - ANSWER Paired centromeres of each chromosome separate, liberating the sister chromatids from each other. Which of the following steps does a cell spend the largest portion of the cell cycle? Anaphase Prophase Cytokinesis Interphase - ANSWER Interphase 5. In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell undergo DNA synthesis and replication? - ANSWER Stage 2 6. Using the chart in question #5, describe what occurs in Stage 7. - ANSWER The parent cell's membrane "pinches" around the daughter cells completing mitosis. 7. Below are the structures and functions of key biomolecules. What would molecule #3 be considered? - ANSWER protein 8. Using the table in question #7, DNA would be considered in what molecule group? - ANSWER Molecule 4 9. Which of the following biomolecules can typically be converted to energy by a human cell's mitochondria? I. Carbohydrates II. Proteins III. Nucleic Acids IV. Lipids - ANSWER I, II, and IV only 10. The following statements suggest that proteins and carbohydrates are able to serve what purpose? • Keratin (protein) - component in fingernails • Cellulose (carbohy drate) - component of cell walls - ANSWER Certain proteins and carbohydrates can provide structure and support. 11. The following diagram illustrates which of the following statements? - ANSWER Carbohydrates, fatty acids, and proteins are all key components to the cellular membrane. nuclear envelopes are formed around daughter cells' nuclei; cell division is completed in this stage - ANSWER telophase source of energy; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; sugars and starches - ANSWER carbohydrates Sequence of phases consisting of cell growth and division; important to an organism's growth and development - ANSWER cell cycle transforms one strand of nucleic acid into two sets so that each set may be passed on to daughter cells in cell division - ANSWER DNA replication composed of amino acids; large and complex; can be a hormone or enzyme - ANSWER proteins phase during the cell cycle in which the nucleus is divided resulting in identical daughter cells - ANSWER mitosis chromatids are separated into identical sets of chromosomes and begin moving toward opposite ends of the parent cell - ANSWER anaphase nucleoli disappears; mitotic spindle forms in between pairs of centrioles - ANSWER prophase division of the parent cell's cytoplasm; occurs in conjunction with telophase - ANSWER cytokinesis source of energy; insoluble in water; includes fats, wax, and oils - ANSWER lipids contains genetic information in the form of DNA - ANSWER chromosome DNA is replicated; cells grows and develops - ANSWER interphase chromatids align in the middle of the cell and are attached to spindle structure that stretches to opposite ends of the cell - ANSWER metaphase 1. Letters B, C, D, and E can all be labeled as a: - ANSWER nitrogen base 2. If letter "B" is Thymine, what would letter "C" be? - ANSWER adenine 3. Nucleotides are the structures that make up the nucleic acid molecules. Which of the following components make up a nucleotide? I. Phosphate Group II. Sugar III. Fatty Acid IV. Nitrogen Base - ANSWER I, II, and IV only 4. Information in DNA is carried in sequences of genetic code. How are these genetic codes translated into specific proteins that carry out functions within the organism? - ANSWER Triplets, a group of three nucleotides, create a code for a specific amino acid. These amino acids are combined into chains to form proteins. 5. In the genetic structure below, which component changes when coding for different triplets and amino acids? - ANSWER nitrogen base 6. Two brothers are born to the same set of parents, but one has blue eyes and the other has brown. What is the explanation for this occurrence? - ANSWER The brothers have different sets of nucleotide sequences. 7. Sickle cell anemia, illustrated in the picture below, is the result of a mutation. What is the likely cause of this genetic mutation? - ANSWER A single nucleotide in a triplet is altered from CTC to CAC. 8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the definition and function of mutations? - ANSWER Mutations are never passed to the offspring from a parent even if they occur in a gamete cell due to the ability of DNA to self-correct coding errors. 9. At which step during protein synthesis does a mutation occur? - ANSWER DNA is copied and each new cell gets a full copy. 10. The chart below illustrates the amino acids that a specific triplet creates - ANSWER AUU is mutated into ACU 11. Which of the following would be considered a beneficial genetic alteration? - ANSWER All of the above a carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen molecule created from a specific triplet sequence - ANSWER Amino Acid carries genetic information from parent cell or parents' egg and sperm cells - ANSWER DNA formed from a sequence of three nucleotides and specify one of twenty different amino acids - ANSWER triplet (or codon) process that copies DNA's genetic information into messenger RNA - ANSWER transcription insertion, deletion, or substitution in a DNA sequence - ANSWER mutation process by which a protein is made from mRNA and occurs within a cell's ribosome - ANSWER translation