HMX Immunology Practice Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified

Which cells are tissue resident sentinel cells - mast cell, macrophage, dendritic cell Which 2 cells are circulating blood cells that will enter tissue in response to inflammation? - Neutrophils, Monocytes Mast cell - Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation. Neutrophil - Most abundant leukocyte, increase due to bacterial infection, burns, and stress. Phagocyte that rapidly dies after ingesting microbe. Macrophages - Phagocyte that cleans up apoptotic cells. When a monocyte moves into the tissues, it changes rapidly and becomes a _____________ - macrophage Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a genetic defect that leads to recurrent infections in the tissue and severe problems with wound healing. LAD patients also develop severe gingivitis (infections and inflammation of the gums). In LAD, leukocyte migration into tissues is severely impaired. All of these problems can be traced back to a genetic defect. Of the genetic defects listed below, which is the most likely cause of LAD? - A mutation that introduces a stop codon into a gene that encodes part of the LFA-1 molecule (leading to a truncated protein). Toll-like receptors for bacterial PAMPs are found on/in the_________________ - cell membrane There are a few different proteins that act as inhibitors of NF-kB. There is a very rare genetic disease in which one of these proteins, IkBa, is mutated. The mutation substantially alters the stability of the IkBa protein. In patients with this disease, IkBa protein expression does not change in response to stimuli thatcause IkBa degradation in healthy individuals. Consider the biological role of NF-kB inhibitors. What are the most likely symptoms of this genetic defect? - Immunodeficiency with a susceptibility to bacterial infections. The complement pathway initiated by host proteins that bind to microbial sugars is called the ______________________ pathway. - lectin pathway SSRNA (single-stranded RNA) and dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) are present in mammalian cells. Why don't our plasmacytoid dendritic cells activate an innate immune response against these self nucleic acids that are necessary for normal cellular function? - The TLRs that recognize SSRNA and dsDNA are sequestered in endosomes. How can the antiviral state be propagated in the absence of immune cells? - Type I IFs are produced by infected epithelial cells; this induces antiviral biochemical changes in the same cell and adjacent cells. A child presents with recurrent bacterial infections. Of the genetic defects described below, what is the most likely cause of her disease? - A mutation in the C3 gene that renders the C3 protein nonfunctional.