ACE Inhibitors Exam Questions and Answers

ACE Inhibitors Exam Questions and Answers Blood pressure may be controlled in a variety of ways with many agents that can be used alone or in combination. - Correct Answer ️️ -Blood pressure meds Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril (Vasotec) Enalaprilat (Vasotec intravenous) Fosinopril (Monopril) Lisinopril (Prinivil) Ramipril (Altace) Moexipril (Univasc) - Correct Answer ️️ -Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) ACE inhibitors produce their effects by blocking the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II, leading to: *Vasodilation (mostly arteriole) *Excretion of Sodium and Water, and retention of potassium by actions in the kidneys. *Reduction in pathological changes in the blood vessels and heart that result from the presence of angiotensin II and aldosterone. - Correct Answer ️️ -Expected Pharmacological Action HTN HF MI; to decrease mortality and to decrease risk of HF and left ventricular dysfunction DM and nondiabetic nephropathy For clients at high risk for cardiovascular event; ramipril can be used to prevent MI, stroke, or death. - Correct Answer ️️ -Therapeutic Uses *First-dose orthostatic hypotension; *Cough r/t inhibition of kinase II (alternate name for ACE), which results in increase in bradykinin *Hyperkalemia *Rash and dysgeusia (altered taste), primarily with captopril *Angioedema (swelling of the tongue and oral pharynx) *Neutropenia (rare but serious complication of captopril) - Correct Answer ️️ -Adverse effects/complications of ACE Inhibitors *If client is already taking a diuretic, the medication should be stopped temporarily for 2- 3 days prior to the start of an ACE inhibitor. *Taking another type of antihypertensive medication increases the hypotensive effects of an ACE inhibitor. *Start treatment with a low dosage of the medication. *Monitor the client's blood pressure for 2 hr after initiation of treatment. *Instruct clients to change positions slowly and to lie down if feeling dizzy, lightheaded, or faint. - Correct Answer ️️ -First-dose orthostatic hypotension Nursing interventions/client education Inform clients of the possibility of experiencing a dry cough and to notify the provider. The medication should be discontinued. - Correct Answer ️️ -Cough r/t taking ACE inhibitor Nursing interventions/client education