Ace Inhibitors Exam Practice Questions and Answers

Ace Inhibitors Exam Practice Questions and Answers ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) - Correct Answer ️️ -Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II ACE inhibitors - Correct Answer ️️ -Inhibit ACE preventing conversion of Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II. A decrease in angiotensin II due to ACE inhibitors results in - Correct Answer ️️ -A decrease in aldosterone secretion (less sodium and water retention) as well as an increase in bradykinin in blood. This combination results in lowering blood pressure. Take home message about ACE inhibitors: - Correct Answer ️️ -ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors end in - Correct Answer ️️ -pril (captopril, lisinopril, etc.) First ACE inhibitor developed. Only sulfur containing pril (can cause loss of taste due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase). - Correct Answer ️️ -Captopril These prils are not pro-drugs. (All other prils are) - Correct Answer ️️ -Captopril and Lisinopril These prils have short half lives while other prils have long half lives. - Correct Answer ️️ -Captopril and Lisinopril An very common side effect of prils is - Correct Answer ️️ -Cough (caused by increase in bradykinin levels). Angioedema is also present. A dangerous side effect of ACE-I (prils) is - Correct Answer ️️ -Increase in K levels due to K reabsorption in kidney. Therefore DO NOT combine with Spironolactone or other K sparing diuretics. High levels of calcium lead to permanent depolarization and cardiac arrest. Side note: K is used along with thiopental (a barbiturate) and pancuronium (a muscle relaxant) as an ingredient of the lethal cocktail. ACE inhibitors can cause renal damage when: - Correct Answer ️️ -Used in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. If stenosis is bilateral serum creatinine level will increase dramatically due to decrease in renal perfusion and condition can be detected. However, if stenosis is unilateral, it may go undetected resulting in loss of kidney on affected side as a result of treatment with ACE inhibitors. In general ACE inhibitors cannot be used by: - Correct Answer ️️ -Patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis AND pregnant wome