Psych 240 Exam 2 Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Raven Progressive Matrices - Test that contains a matrix of geometric objects and one tries to figure out which geometric objects should bei n the blank spot Being able to store memory temporarily and retrieving it later Important part of IQ tests Mental Arithmetic - Doing mathematical problems without writing it out Have to remember the numbers from each part Store information temporarily, do other things, and retrieve it later Measure of Working Memory "reading span" - Read a series of sentences, and try to remember the last word of all the sentences, testing how much you can remember Keep going until you can't recall it anymore Not a passives storage, have to process the sentences and work with your memory/retrieval Raven's Progressive Matrices Individual Differences - Scores start to decline in your 20's, showing that working memory is underlying the age changes in IQ Interference: Random Number Generation and Syllogistic Reasoning - If you occupy people's working memory, it interferes with a person's ability to think Gets worse at reasoning when you have a WM taskInterference: Reading Comprehension - Reading a word in another context will help you figure out something rom before, but need the definition or situation stored in your memory to compare Dependency IE: Word with two different meanings Evidence for WM/LTM Distinction: Anterograde Amnesia (LTM Disorder) vs. WM Disorder - LTM: Inability to remember events occurring after brain injury Hard time learning new things for long term Patient H.M.-Anterograde amnesia (impaired LTM, normal WM) Patient K.F.-normal LTM, impaired WM Depends on different parts of the brain Evidence for WM/LTM Distinction: Dissociations - If we have two different systems, one for WM, one for LTM, then lesions/interferences should only interfere with that specific area Depends on partially different systems, wouldn't be able to get the opposite system if it was the same Area A would mess up with task 1, but not task 2 Area B would mess up with task 2, but not task 1 Evidence for WM/LTM Distinction: Serial Position Curve - When asked to remember a list of words and write them down in any order, the first and last word are remembered the most (Primacy and recency effect) Words in the middle are not remembered that wellPrimacy Effect - Remembering the first thing in a list the most People tend to rehearse the first few words a lot LTM-a lot of rehearsal Recency Effect - Remembering the last thing in a list the most WM Teachable Language Comprehender (TLC-Collins and Quillian Semantic Network Model) - A way to comprehend how information is stored in a semantic network Each node has certain features it is linked with Strict hierarchy ("is a" link) Don't have to represent every feature of every category, can inherit features from the "grandparent" Verifies between nodes if something is true or not (Go up the "is a" link to see if the sentence is true or not) Will keep searching until something matches or contradicts the statement, figures out which characteristics are linked Problems with TLC - People are usually faster to say higher hierarchy than the middle one Reverse time due to distance effect Faster to verify the more typical example, TLC Doesn't talk about this difference People tend to organize things in their basic level, but the TLC model doesn't tell which level is special Hard to tell why different categories are differentDistance Effect-TLC - Theory that says the more links there are in the TLC, the longer it should take to respond Revised TLC: Spreading Activation - An improved version of TLC that is not hierarchical Links vary in strength/length Can have cycles of link Links are labelled to give semantic content to tell how things are related Spread activation from the feature and the category-when they hit each other, then it is true