HAP unit 9 exam (CNS and PNS) fully solved & updated

A medication that prevents the occurence or transmission of a disease is known as a - answer-prophylactic Analgesics block the sensation of pain. - answer-False What is the primary criteria by which schedule I, II, II, IV, and V drugs are classified? - answer-Their addictiveness and potential for abuse. Generic drugs are just as effective as name brand drugs. - answer-True A medication that ameliorates pain is known as a - answer-analgesic Which of the following best describes a drugs mechanism? - answer-A description of how a drug works on a molecular level. Anesthetics block the sensation of pain. - answer-True Which of the following refers to drugs or medications that can be purchased without a doctors prescription and/or a pharmacist's assitance? - answer-OTC (over the counter) What is a drug? - answer-Any chemical substance that when absorbed by the body alters normal bodily function. Which would best represent a drug from Schedule II? - answer-The drug has a high potential for abuse and has an established medical use. What is a prophylactic? - answer-prevents the occurence or transmission of a disease An _______________ acts opposite or against the action of a neurotransmitter, while an _______________ acts with or in the same way as a neurotransmitter. - answer-antagonist; agonist What is a medicine? - answer-A drug that is taken to prevent, cure and/or ameliorate any symptoms of an illness or medical condition. Which of the following statements bests describes why water is not considered a drug? - answer-It does not actively bind to cells and/or enzymes and alter their activity. The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of - answer-sympathetic stimulation Which of the following would NOT occur when the parasympathetic system is active? - answer-cold skin The division of the autonomic nervous system that puts you into "fight-or-flight" mode is the: - answer-sympathetic division. For which of the following activities is the parasympathetic nervous system generally responsible? - answer-Resting and digesting The parasympathetic nervous system has little or no effect on blood vessels. - answer-True Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? - answer-skeletal muscle Which is a uniquely sympathetic function? - answer-regulation of body temperature Parasympathetic functions include - answer-lens accommodation for close vision Which of the following best exemplifies the term "referred pain"? - answer-An individual experiencing a heart attack feels pain along his left arm. Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the - answer-hypothalamus Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division. - answer-True Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all EXCEPT - answer-dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS? - answer-a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected. - answer-True As we age the efficiency of the autonomic nervous system decreases. - answer-True Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system. - answer-False The main integration center of the ANS is the cerebral cortex. - answer-False What is the function of the somatic nervous system? - answer-to stimulate skeletal muscles The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT - answer-all of their neurotransmitters Most sympathetic fibers use __________________ as the neurotransmitter secreted at synapses with effectors. - answer-norepinephrine During vigorous activity, which of the following actions would be dampened? - answer-The digestion of food. ____________________ and ____________________ are the major neurotransmitters released by autonomic nervous system neurons. - answer-Acetylcholine; norepinephrine Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects via hormone release. - answer-True Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation? - answer-dilation of the pupils The sympathetic division is anatomically more complex than the parasympathetic division. - answer-True Norepinephrine and epinephrine can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on target organs. - answer-True Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic. - answer-False Transmission through the autonomic motor system is faster than through the somatic motor system. - answer-False For which of the following activities is the sympathetic nervous system generally responsible? - answer-Fight-or-flight responses Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the _____________. - answer-hypothalamus Dual innervation means that: - answer-both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system supply an organ. The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of __________________. - answer-sympathetic stimulation Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in the processing of vision? - answer-occipital lobe If the corpus callosum is surgically cut, - answer-All of the answers are correct. The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly: - answer-myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Which of these functional areas would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex? - answer-regulation and control of homeostasis The _______________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. - answer-hippocampus Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? - answer-initiation of some nerve impulses The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the _______________. - answer-insula Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the _______________. - answer-thalamus Kekela suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? - answer-the limbic system In meningitis, - answer-All of the answers are correct. Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? - answer-process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum The ascending tracts of the spinal cord carry nerve impulses: - answer-from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). The visual cortex is located in the _________________________. - answer-occipital lobe Stimulation of the reticular formation results in: - answer-increased consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain. - answer-True The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the _________________________. - answer-prefrontal cerebral cortex Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate and digestion are located in the ____________________. - answer-medulla oblongata The descending tracts of the spinal cord carry nerve impulses: - answer-from the central nervous system (CNS) to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________. - answer-sulcus The medulla oblongata regulates ____________________. - answer-blood pressure and respiration The highest levels of information processing occur in the ____________________. - answer-cerebrum Which of the following is a function of the pons? - answer-Contains nuclei that relay information from the cerebrum to cerebellum. Which of the following best describes the cerebellum? - answer-coordination of skeletal muscle Which of the following help to protect the brain? - answer-All of the answers are correct Higher-order functions: - answer-All of the answers are correct. The hypothalamus: - answer-is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature. Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? - answer-frontal lobe Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called _______________ areas. - answer-association Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interefere with the ability to: - answer-play the piano Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibirum are functions of the ____________________. - answer-cerebellum The brain stem consists of the: - answer-midbrain, medulla, and pons. The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the __________________. - answer-reticular formation Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in the voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle? - answer-parietal lobe Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? - answer-diencephalon The diencephalon consists of the: - answer-the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly: - answer-nerve cell bodies The blood-brain barrier is effective against ______________________________________. - answer-metabolic waste such as urea and pathogens Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are called _______________. - answer-lobes Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons. - answer-False Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. - answer-gyri The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant. - answer-True Which of the following would NOT be a function of the spinal cord? - answer-regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system A neural cortex is found on the surface of the _______________. - answer-cerebrum After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Andrew loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the ____________________. - answer-occipital lobe The tough, fibrous outermost covering of the spinal cord is the _______________. - answer-dura matter After suffering a stroke, Kiana finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the _______________ lobe. - answer-left frontal Sympathetic division stimulation causes ____________________________. - answer-increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure The term for the diagrammatic representation of how much of the body is represented on the motor and sensory cortex is called the __________________. - answer-homonculus