1
NUR2115 Fundamentals of Professional Nursing
Concept Review
Final
MODULE 1-CH 1-4, 17
• What or who is the central focus of nursing? (p 7-10)
o The patient is the central focus in all definitions. Pt centered care includes the
physical, mental, spiritual and emotional well-being of the patient.
• Four AIMS of Nursing (p 12-16)
1. Promote Health
a. Persons level of health is affected by many different interrelated
factors that either promote heal or increase the risk for illness.
Thesefactors include genetics, cognitive ability, education level,
race, ethnicity, culture, age, gender, lifestyle, environment and
socioeconomic status.
2. Prevent Illness
a. The objective of illness prevention is to reduce the risk of illness
andpromote good health habits, maintaining optimal function.
3. Restore Health
a. Performing assessment, report findings, providing direct care such
astreatments, medication administration and collaborating with
other care team members.
4. Facilitated coping w/ disability or death
a. Nurse facilitated an optimal level of function through maximizing the
persons strengths and potentials, through teaching and through
referralto community support.
b. Nurses provide care to both patients and families during end of life
care, and they do so in hospitals, long term care facilities, hospices
andhomes.
• What are the factors un each of the four aims?
o Cognitive – thinking about the nature of things to make decisions regarding health
care.
o Technical- enables nurses to manipulate equipment to produce desired outcomes.
o Interpersonal- involve caring relationships
o Ethical/Legal- enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally
,2
• Primary, Secondary, tertiary prevention
o Primary- Promoting health and preventing the dev. of disease or injury. Ex:
immunization clinics, teaching about the importance of healthy diets, exercising,
safe sex, seatbelts, etc.
o Secondary- Screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnoses
andtreatment. Ex: mammograms, skin cancer screenings, teaching testicular
self-
,3
examination to men, administering medications and caring for wounds, blood
pressure screening.
o Tertiary: Begins after diagnosis and treatment, with the goal of reducing
disabilityand promoting rehabilitation to the maximum level of function. Ex:
teaching diabetes patient how to recognize and prevent complications. PT,
referring womenwho has had a mastectomy to a support group.
• Define Health (p 16)
o Health is a state of optimal functioning or wellbeing. As defined by the WHO.
Ones health includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.
• ANA (p 17-20
o Professional organization for RNs in the US. They wrote the scope and standards
and the code of ethics for nursing.
o Nurse practice acts are laws established in each state to regulate the practice
ofnursing.
▪ Defines legal scope of nursing practice
▪ Creates a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
▪ Define the important terms and activities in nursing, including
legalrequirements and titles for RN’s and LPN’s
▪ Establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses.
• Develop a PICO statement
o Patient, population, or problem of interest
o Intervention of interest
o Comparison
o Outcome
▪ Ex:
▪ P: at risk ICU patients for skin break down
▪ I: EBP of turning q 2 hr
▪ C: not turning
▪ O: reduce risk of pressure ulcers
• Where does our knowledge come from? (24-25)
o Traditional knowledge: nursing passed down form generation to generation.
(“We’ve always changed bed linens q 24 hrs)
o Authoritative knowledge: Comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based
onthe person’s perceived expertise.
o Scientific knowledge: is knowledge obtained through the scientific
method(implying through research.)
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:
o Level 1: Physiologic needs for oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature,
sexuality, physical activity, and rest are needed to maintain life.
, 4
o Level 2: Safety and security needs come next in priority and have both
physical and emotional components. Physical safety and security means being
protectedfrom potential or actual harm.
NUR2115 Fundamentals of Professional Nursing
Concept Review
Final
MODULE 1-CH 1-4, 17
• What or who is the central focus of nursing? (p 7-10)
o The patient is the central focus in all definitions. Pt centered care includes the
physical, mental, spiritual and emotional well-being of the patient.
• Four AIMS of Nursing (p 12-16)
1. Promote Health
a. Persons level of health is affected by many different interrelated
factors that either promote heal or increase the risk for illness.
Thesefactors include genetics, cognitive ability, education level,
race, ethnicity, culture, age, gender, lifestyle, environment and
socioeconomic status.
2. Prevent Illness
a. The objective of illness prevention is to reduce the risk of illness
andpromote good health habits, maintaining optimal function.
3. Restore Health
a. Performing assessment, report findings, providing direct care such
astreatments, medication administration and collaborating with
other care team members.
4. Facilitated coping w/ disability or death
a. Nurse facilitated an optimal level of function through maximizing the
persons strengths and potentials, through teaching and through
referralto community support.
b. Nurses provide care to both patients and families during end of life
care, and they do so in hospitals, long term care facilities, hospices
andhomes.
• What are the factors un each of the four aims?
o Cognitive – thinking about the nature of things to make decisions regarding health
care.
o Technical- enables nurses to manipulate equipment to produce desired outcomes.
o Interpersonal- involve caring relationships
o Ethical/Legal- enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally
,2
• Primary, Secondary, tertiary prevention
o Primary- Promoting health and preventing the dev. of disease or injury. Ex:
immunization clinics, teaching about the importance of healthy diets, exercising,
safe sex, seatbelts, etc.
o Secondary- Screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnoses
andtreatment. Ex: mammograms, skin cancer screenings, teaching testicular
self-
,3
examination to men, administering medications and caring for wounds, blood
pressure screening.
o Tertiary: Begins after diagnosis and treatment, with the goal of reducing
disabilityand promoting rehabilitation to the maximum level of function. Ex:
teaching diabetes patient how to recognize and prevent complications. PT,
referring womenwho has had a mastectomy to a support group.
• Define Health (p 16)
o Health is a state of optimal functioning or wellbeing. As defined by the WHO.
Ones health includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.
• ANA (p 17-20
o Professional organization for RNs in the US. They wrote the scope and standards
and the code of ethics for nursing.
o Nurse practice acts are laws established in each state to regulate the practice
ofnursing.
▪ Defines legal scope of nursing practice
▪ Creates a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
▪ Define the important terms and activities in nursing, including
legalrequirements and titles for RN’s and LPN’s
▪ Establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses.
• Develop a PICO statement
o Patient, population, or problem of interest
o Intervention of interest
o Comparison
o Outcome
▪ Ex:
▪ P: at risk ICU patients for skin break down
▪ I: EBP of turning q 2 hr
▪ C: not turning
▪ O: reduce risk of pressure ulcers
• Where does our knowledge come from? (24-25)
o Traditional knowledge: nursing passed down form generation to generation.
(“We’ve always changed bed linens q 24 hrs)
o Authoritative knowledge: Comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based
onthe person’s perceived expertise.
o Scientific knowledge: is knowledge obtained through the scientific
method(implying through research.)
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:
o Level 1: Physiologic needs for oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature,
sexuality, physical activity, and rest are needed to maintain life.
, 4
o Level 2: Safety and security needs come next in priority and have both
physical and emotional components. Physical safety and security means being
protectedfrom potential or actual harm.
