Nursing 172 Quiz 1 Latest 2024 Graded A+

Nursing 172 Quiz 1 Latest 2024 Graded A+ Calcium Normal range is 8-10 mEq/L -99% of calcium is found in the bones and teeth and 1% is bound to proteins in the bloodstream. - regulated by the PTH - acquired via dietary intake -calcium has a reciprocal relationship with phosphate Hypercalcemia High calcium in the blood. Can be caused by malignancy (bone cancer), hyperparathyroidism, and excess calcium intake. Signs and symptoms include: -muscle weakness -incoordination -lethargy -deep bone pain -flank pain -fractures -N/V Treatment includes -increase water intake -avoid high calcium foods -prevent fractures Hypocalcemia Low calcium in the blood. The most common cause in inadequate PTH secretion but can also be caused by use of diuretics, severe diarrhea and burns. Signs and symptoms include: -Tetany -Muscle cramps - +Trousseau's/Chvostek's signs - Cardiac Dysrhythmias - Seizures * the most dangerous symptom is Laryngospasm Treatment is with IV and oral calcium supplements Potassium Normal range is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Potassium is 98% in the ICF and 2% in the ECF. It is not stored in the body and must be ingested daily. Potassium influences the skeletal and cardiac muscle Hyperkalemia high potassium in the blood. Causes include: Hypokalemia Low potassium in the blood Causes include: -GI loss -Renal loss -Diuretics -Increased sweating -NG Tube suctioning, vomiting, diarrhea