MICROBIO 4000 EXAM #1 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, GRADED A+| latest update 2024/25|

MICROBIO 4000 EXAM #1 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, GRADED A+ 1. Light reactions in phototrophs - -- Capture light energy and convert it to ATP and/or NADPH via photophosphorylation 1. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation - -- intermediate in catabolism provides the energy directly to ADP EX. glycolysis and krebs 2 components of Peptidoglycan - -- glycan - tetrapeptide 2 types of energy - -- Potential: stored energy (e.g. chemical bonds, concentration gradient) - Kinetic: energy of movement (e.g., movement of molecules, light energy, or electrons) 2 types of Glycocalyx - -1. capsules: neatly organized and firmly attached 2. Slime layer: unorganized and loose 2. Light Independent Reactions - -- use ATP and NADHP to make organic compounds (carbon fixation) 2. Oxidative Phosphorylation - -- Redox Reactions create proton motive force (PMF); drives ATP Synthase EX. respiration 3 Structures External to bacterial Cell Wall - -1. Glycocalyx 2. Pili and Fimbriae 3. Bacterial Flagella 3. Photophosphorylation - -- Light energy used to create a PMF; drives ATP synthase EX. photosynthesis 6-Carbon Glucose ----- - -Two 3-Carbon Pyruvate (No carbon loss) Acellular Infectious Agents - -- needs living host for replication (nonliving) - viruses, viroids, prions acid fast bacteria - -- Small group of bacteria including Mycobacterium, Nocarida - More similar to Gram-Positive