D307 WGU EdPsych QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

D307 WGU EdPsych QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS What are some motor skills developed in infancy? - ANSWER Dozens of motor skills What motor skills do 2nd year infants develop? - ANSWER Increased coordination What can an 18th month old do? - ANSWER Stack blocks and use fingers to eat crackers What motor skills develop in early childhood? - ANSWER Fine motor skills What physical activities do children do in early childhood? - ANSWER Run, hop, tumble, play, jigsaw puzzles What happens to weight gain in middle childhood? - ANSWER Slow, steady weight gain What motor skills are refined in middle childhood? - ANSWER Fine motor skills What improves in middle childhood? - ANSWER Speed and coordination What happens to girls and boys during adolescence? - ANSWER Girls begin puberty earlier than boys, physical growth slows for both, but boys continue to grow What is the sensorimotor stage? - ANSWER Learning through movement and senses What are some examples of learning in the sensorimotor stage? - ANSWER Sucking, grabbing, looking, listening, crawling What is the preoperational stage? - ANSWER Play and pretend, symbolic thinking, language develops, focuses on self, focuses on one aspect at a time What is the concrete operational stage? - ANSWER Concrete, hands-on experiences, mental reversal, conservation What are some examples of learning in the concrete operational stage? - ANSWER Balloons inflate and deflate, tall skinny glass and short fat glass hold same amount of liquid What is the formal operations stage? - ANSWER Higher order of thinking, abstract and critical thinking, hypothesize, predict, metaphors, systematic problem-solving What is the preconventional stage of moral development? - ANSWER All about me, obedience and punishment, instrumental orientation, no concept of rules, just follows them What is the conventional stage of moral development? - ANSWER All about rules, want approval from others (Good boy, Nice girl), law-and-order, respect authority or policy, rules are set and unchangeable What is the postconventional stage of moral development? - ANSWER All about others, social contract for greater good, dignity, equality, respect, universal-ethical principle, rules and laws are flexible depending on situation, own ethical principles What is the preconventional stage of Gilligan's moral development? - ANSWER I love myself, selfishness What are the stages of Erickson's Psychosocial Development? - ANSWER Trust v. Mistrust, Autonomy v Shame, Initiative v Guilt, Industry v Inferiority, Identity v Role Confusion What is the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)? - ANSWER Innate, instinctive, biological ability to learn language What is Universal Grammar? - ANSWER All languages have structures, patterns, and rules (grammar) What is Skinner's Language Development theory? - ANSWER Children learn language based on reinforcement What is Vygotsky's Language Development theory? - ANSWER Language develops through social interaction What are the stages of Language Development? - ANSWER Babbling, Holophrastic, Two-word, Telegraphic What are the language development milestones for 1-2 years? - ANSWER 2-3 word sentences, has word for everything What are the language development milestones for 3-4 years? - ANSWER 4-5 word sentences, answer simple questions What are the language development milestones for 4-5 years? - ANSWER Use complex sentences, understand jokes, sarcasm, and idioms What is the conventional stage of morality according to Gilligan? - ANSWER Needs of others come first What is the postconventional stage of morality according to Gilligan? - ANSWER I love you AND myself, I can take care of myself and others What is the responsibility for others? - ANSWER Needs of others come first What is the exploration stage of Erickson's Psychosocial Development? - ANSWER Trying things on own, asking a lot of questions What is the intellectual curiosity stage of Erickson's Psychosocial Development? - ANSWER School performance, need positive reinforcement, avoid undue competition What is the develop sense of self stage of Erickson's Psychosocial Development? - ANSWER Influenced by others, peers more important than parents or teachers What is Chomsky's theory of Language Development? - ANSWER People are born with innate, instinctive, biological ability to learn language, all languages have structures, patterns, and rules (grammar) What is the Operant conditioning theory of Language Development? - ANSWER Children learn language based on reinforcement, associate words with meaning, learn language with imitating, prompting, shaping, correct utterances are positively reinforced What is the Social Cultural Approach theory of Language Development? - ANSWER Language develops through social interaction, culture plays a part in language development What are the words for order to sequence? - ANSWER Sequencing words What is the ability to follow longer multi-step instructions? - ANSWER Executive function What is overall intelligence? - ANSWER General intelligence Who proposed the concept of Spearman's single factor of intelligence? - ANSWER Charles Spearman What is the single factor of intelligence called? - ANSWER G-Factor Who proposed the concept of Primary Mental Abilities? - ANSWER L.L. Thurstone How many factors of mental abilities did Thurstone propose? - ANSWER 7 factors Who proposed the concept of 3 levels of intelligence? - ANSWER Robert Sternberg What are the 3 levels of intelligence proposed by Sternberg? - ANSWER Analytical, Creative, Practical Who proposed the concept of multiple intelligences? - ANSWER Howard Gardner What are the different types of learning theories? - ANSWER Behavioral, Humanistic, Cognitivist, Social cognitive What is the focus of behavioral learning theory? - ANSWER Teacher-directed, build skills and mastery, behavior modification Who proposed the concept of operant conditioning? - ANSWER B.F. Skinner What is the focus of humanistic learning theory? - ANSWER Feelings and emotions, motivation, growth mindset What is the focus of cognitivist learning theory? - ANSWER Information processing, memory, attention getting, mnemonic devices What are the metacognitive skills? - ANSWER Thinking about thinking, planning, monitoring, evaluating Who proposed the concept of social cognitive learning theory? - ANSWER Albert Bandura What are the different types of assessments? - ANSWER Objective, Subjective, Performance-based, Competency-based What is the focus of objective assessments? - ANSWER One correct answer, right and wrong, multiple choice questions, fill in the blank, true/false What is the focus of subjective assessments? - ANSWER More than one correct answer, rubric, performance-based assessments What is the focus of competency-based assessments? - ANSWER Test competency, chance to improve, e.g. WGU assessments What is the focus of criterion-referenced assessments? - ANSWER Measures student progress, shows strengths and weaknesses What is the focus of norm-referenced assessments? - ANSWER Compares students' scores to others, e.g. SAT or ACT What is the trust v mistrust stage? - ANSWER Children need love and