EXAM 3 NURS 5315 UTA with Correct Solutions 2024

EXAM 3 NURS 5315 UTA with Correct Solutions 2024 Pulmonar Disease - Answer -*classified into 2 broad categories -restrictive vs obstructive - infectious vs non-infectious Restrictive disorders - Answer -*unable to breath air in * these ppl have low lung volumes on PFTs *lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time during ventilation. *Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, and pulmonar edema Obstructive disorders - Answer -*unable to exhale the air that has been inhaled * have high volumes on PFTs * Examples= asthma and COPD Infectious Disorders - Answer -* Pneumonia and TB Non-infectious pulmonary disorder - Answer -pulmonar fibosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension Acute Respiratory Failure - Answer -* 2 main types= hypoxemia and hypercapnia * may result from direct injury * may be triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or organs * may occur post-operatively secondary to anesthesia or narcotics * in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment in diffusion which result in low oxygen levels or retained CO2 * most pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain or spinal cord injuries Hypoxemia respiratory failure - Answer -* PaO2 less than or equal to 50mmHg * from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries * disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumoniaHypercapnic respiratory failure - Answer -* PaCO2 greater than or equal to 50mmHg * from inadequate alveolar ventilation * cause= depression of respiratory function from meds, abnormal spinal cord, disorders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular junction, chest wall injury, COPD, and obstruction or large airways. Pneumothorax - Answer -* presence of air or gas in the pleural