PRAXIS 5002 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Phonology Producing & understanding speech sounds Morphology The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. Syntax The rules, principles and processes that govern the ways words are arranged in sentences Semantics (Meaning) Does it make sense? Making sense of text and relaying meaningful connections Prosody Intonation & rhythm of speech: pitch, stress Pragmatics All factors besides the words themselves that effect how someone interprets your meaning. (verbal tone, body language, etc.) Vary greatly between cultures Syntactic (Structure) Does it sound right? Making sense of the actual words in the sentence. Knowledge of how structure of language works Graphophonic (Visual) Does it look right? Ability to sound out words or recognize them holistically (visually) Forms of emergent writing Drawing, scribbling, letter-like, prephonemic spelling (real letters but random), Copying, Invented spelling (alphabetic principle, represents sound), Conventional spelling Stages of Reading Development Emergent, Early, Transitional and Fluent Emergent Reader Recognizing letters, words and some language patterns. Beginning to focus attention on letter-sound relationships Early Reader Use several strategies to predict a word. Uses Pictures to confirm predictions. Pays close attn. to visual cues & language patterns Transitional Reader Likes to read series books as a comprehension strategy. Reads at a good pace. Strategies to figure out most words. Fluent Reader Understand & confident about text and how it works. Maintains meaning through longer & more complex stretches of language. Compound Sentence Two independent clauses joined by: a conjunction with a comma, a semicolon, a colon, a dash or a conjunction with a semicolon Complex Sentence Has an independent clause AND at least one dependent clause Simple Sentence One independent clause Compound-Complex Sentence At least two independent clauses AND at least one dependent clause Qualitative Factors Are subjective. Factors that only a person can see Quantitative Factors Are objective. Sentence length, # of difficult words in a sentence. doesn't take outside factors into account Ways of segmenting words Morphemes, syllables, onsets & rimes, phonemes Affixes Morphemes that can't stand alone Types of Affixes Prefixes and suffixes Prefix Placed BEFORE a root word to form a new word w/different meaning Suffix Placed AFTER a root word to form a new word w/different meaning or grammatical function