BIOL 2200 Exam #1 Correctly Answered Questions| UpToDate | Already Graded A

Aristotle, a philosopher : Pre-300 BCE -described species as fixed -Scale of nature: arranges species in order of lowest to highest complexity -linear hierarchy Hutton, a geologist : 1795 -proposed gradualism -change is a slow but continuous process Thomas Robert Malthus, an economist : 1798 -published "Essay on the Principle of Population'" -Human population growth is limited by resources; At some point we will reach carrying capacity, 2 | P a g e -can't grow exponentially forever due to limited resources Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, a naturalist : 1809 -proposed mechanism for how organisms change due to environment -evolution occurs because organisms have an innate drive to become more complex -use and disuse: traits that are used extensively improve and are inherited by offspring, while traits that are not used deteriorate and lose over time -inheritance of acquired traits: an organism could pass these modifications to its offspring Lamarck and inheritance of traits : Idea that a giraffe once had a short neck, but through the need to reach food sources, it was able to drive the need for a longer neck -Change within a generation is inherited by their offspring; A giraffe with longer neck has offspring with longer neck, that will eventually become even longer Testing Lamarckian inheritance : August Weismann, a biologist; published Essays upon Heredity in 1889 -Went back to Lamarck's idea and discussed why changes in a generation are not always inherited by their offspring -5 generations of breeding, 68 parents, 901 offspring that ALL had tails 3 | P a g e -Recent data have suggested that there is an exception, epigenetics; There can be changes in what is active in the DNA and can be passed on to children Georges Cuvier, a paleontologist : 1812 -published studies on fossils -Fossils as evidence of extinction; Organisms that were not well suited to their environment disappeared -opposed idea of evolution; New species due to immigration -extinction due to sudden events (flood) Charles Lyell, a geologist : 1830 -published Principles of Geology -change is gradual -Processes that shape the earth have been uniform over time; same slow processes are responsible for rise and fall of mountains, valleys, etc. Charles Darwin, a naturalist