Bio-251: Midterm Review (Ch 1-5) Already Graded A

Bio-251: Midterm Review (Ch 1-5) Already Graded A Anatomy The study of body STRUCTURE and the relationships among them Physiology The study of body FUNCTIONS-how the body parts work. The 6 structural levels of organization IN ORDER 1. Chemical level 2. Cellular level 3. Tissue level 4. Organ level 5. System level 6. Organismal level 1. Chemical level of organization The most basic. Contains atoms: C (calcium), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), Ca (calcium), S (sulfur) are essential for maintaining life. And molecules such as DNA and glucose 2. Cellular level of organization Molecules combine to form the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals. The smallest living units in the human body. Ex: muscle, nerve, epithelial 3. Tissue level of organization Groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function. There are four basic types: 1. Epithelial- covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, forms glands 2. Connective- connects, supports, protects body organs while distributing blood vessels 3. Muscular- contracts to make body parts move, generates heat 4. Nervous- carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses 4. Organ level of organization Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues that have specific functions and recognizable shapes. Ex: stomach, skin, bones, heart, liver, lungs, brain 5. System level of organization Related organs with a common function. Ex: digestive- breaks down and absorbs food.