CMN 552 Unit 3 Study Guide Test.

CMN 552 Unit 3 Study Guide Test. 1. What are the common symptoms represented in OCD? (Sadock, p. 418) - correct answer intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions 2. Differentiate between an obsession and a compulsion. (Sadock, p. 418) - correct answer Obsession: A recurrent and intrusive thought, feeling, idea, or sensation. Compulsion: A conscious, standardized, recurrent behavior, such as counting, checking, or avoiding 3. What is the prevalence of OCD? - correct answer Lifetime prevalence in the general population estimated at 2 to 3 percent. Fourth most common psychiatric diagnosis. Among adults, men and women are equally likely to be affected. Among adolescents, boys are more commonly affected than girls. Mean age of onset is about 20 years. The onset of the disorder can occur in adolescence or childhood, in some cases as early as 2 years of age. Single persons are more frequently affected with OCD than are married persons, although this finding probably reflects the difficulty that persons with the disorder have maintaining a relationship. Occurs less often among blacks than among whites, although access to health care rather than differences in prevalence may explain the variation. 4. What are the common comorbid psychiatric conditions in patients with OCD? Sadock p. 418 - correct answer The lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder with OCD is 67 percent and social phobia 25 percent. Also, alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, panic disorder, eating disorders, and personality disorders. Tourette's disorder 5-7 percent. Tics 20-30 percent. What are the risk factors for the development of OCD? Sadock p. 419 - correct answer There is a significant genetic component. 6. What etiological factors have been attributed to the development of OCD? Sadock p. 419-420 - correct answer There is a positive link between streptococcal infections and OCD. Altered function in neurocircuitry between orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, and thalamus. Increased activity in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia and cingulum. Bilaterally smaller caudates. 7. Review the psychosocial factors for the development of OCD. (Sadock, p. 420) - correct answer OCD differs from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, which is associated with an obsessive concern for details, perfectionism, and other similar personality traits. Most persons with OCD do not have premorbid compulsive symptoms, and such personality traits are neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of OCD. Only about 15 to 35 percent of patients with OCD have had premorbid obsessional traits. Many patients with OCD may refuse to cooperate with effective treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis) and behavior therapy. Patients may become invested in maintaining the symptomatology because of secondary gains. For example, a male patient, whose mother stays home to take care of him, may unconsciously wish to hang on to his OCD symptoms because they keep the attention of his mother. Research suggests that OCD may be precipitated by a number of environmental stressors, especially those involving pregnancy, childbirth, or parental care of children. An understanding of the stressors may assist the clinician in an overall treatment plan that reduces the stressful events themselves or their meaning to the patient. 8. In OCD patients, what is "magical thinking"? (Sadock, p. 421) - correct answer Persons believe that merely by thinking about an event in the external world they can cause the event to occur without intermediate physical actions.