COMSTRAT 477 WSU EXAM with fully solved answers and updated

According to the Prospect Theory of Gain-Loss message framing, what is most effective? - answer-Using loss-frame appeal messaging to promote disease detection behaviors Negativity Bias can be defined as... - answer-The heightened impact of, and sensitivity to negative information The Integrative Model of Behavior Prediction postulates that intention is a direction function of three types of perception: - answer-Attitude, perceived norm, and self-efficacy Priming is achieved by repeatedly exposing an audience to messages that address a specific belief, and increases the strength and association between which two components: - answer-Belief and intention A narrative is broadly defined as - answer-The accounts of experience and meaning conveyed through human language When developing narrative based messaging and collecting personal information via a focus group that will eventually be shared with the public, it is critical that participants are: - answer-Informed of the purpose of data collection and informed they have every right to revisit and veto dissemination The Extended Parallel Processing Model proposes that health risk messaging can be designed to maximize danger control responses and to minimize fear control responses throughout the inclusion of four components - answer-Severity, self-efficacy, and response-efficacy In step 2 of the EPPM Model, ensuring danger control and preventing fear-control of self-efficacy and response-efficacy are ______ perceptions of of severity and susceptibility. - answer-HIGHER THAN What is the best ways to avoid ineffective health communication campaign messages? - answer-Ground messages in the larger context of human behavior through behavior analysis Examples of loss-framed appeal - answer-Not brushing your teeth will increase your risk of cavities The two core mechanisms have been identified as responsible for the effectiveness of inoculation messages in health communication campaigns. These two mechanisms are: - answer-Threat and Refutational Preemption Anger appeals are defines as: - answer-Messages that communicate a demeaning offense to the audience or to those they care about When should an Anger Appeal be used? - answer-When situations are consistent with a violation of rights in public health activism To maximize the effectiveness of inoculation in creating resistance to desired attitudes and behaviors, a message designer should choose which kind of source and modality to present a message? - answer-A credible source, using a modality appropriate for the audience When designing an inoculation message, how many refuted arguments should be enough to effectively operationalize the inoculation strategy - answer-two or three Poorly crafted inoculation messages can create a "Boomerang Effect," causing the audience reactance and doing more harm than good. Which of the following should directly be avoided to keep the "Boomerang Effect" from occuring? - answer-Forceful and controlling language There are several reasons why emotional appeals fail to actually evoke an intended emotion. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons? - answer-The campaign mediums chosen were targeting secondary audience. According to research, gender-related individual differences may effect humor appeal success, noting that men and women with _________ masculinity exhibited greater intent to engage in preventative behaviors recommended in the humor appeals, compared to non-humor appeals - answer-Higher When trying to communicate an emotion in a health communication campaign, its important that Professionals ensure the audience _______________ the emotion when interacting with the message. There are careful and purposeful distinctions - answer-Actually experience Generally, the first paragraph in an inoculation message contains which of the following components? - answer-An explicit threat to inform the target receivers that their current attitudes are vulnerable and likely to materialize The Trans-theoretical Model of change refers to a person's readiness to change his or her behavior and posits that there are five stages of change. Which is NOT a stage of change purposed in this model. - answer-Pre-preparation In contrast to campaigns that are designed and delivered at the community level, tailored messages are typically designed to be delivered at which level? - answer-The individual level When crafting a message for a high-sensation seeking group of individual, which should NOT be interwoven? - answer-A strong appeal to social norms behavior Acculturation, defined as the extent to which individuals identify with their culture of origin and the extent to which individuals identify with a new culture in which they are immersed, both range from low to high, when crossed these two axes divide into four groups. Which of the following is NOT one of the four groups? - answer-People who identify weakly (or not stall) with one culture and slightly with another culture. Two examples of qualitative formative research used to determine ways in which affiliations, cultural attributes and contextual specificity affect a specific health behavior in a specific target audience before drafting health messages are which of the following? - answer-Focus groups and one-on-one interviews The cultural variance Framework posits 3 routes by which culture influences health behavior. Which is NOT a route? - answer-Cultural avoidance Targeted health messages are likely to be a good fit for those audience members with ______ affiliations with the targeted subjective culture. - answer-STRONG High-sensations seekers should be difficult to overload with the "bells and whistles" contained in high MSU message and are therefore relatively unchanged in their ability to cognitively process message content. What's not another attribute of a high-sensation seeker? - answer-Like hearing messages that begin with "don't" and "shouldn't" What is the second principle for applying the stages of change to message design? - answer-Recommend qualitatively different activities and actions for individuals in different states of change The stages of change Approach implies that theoretical determinants such as self-efficacy and skills acquisition may be more important message components for which stages of the TTM Model? - answer-Preparation and Action