WGU D311 MICROBIOLOGY 2024 STUDY FOR OA
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
UPDATED
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres?
The rhizosphere is where plants release organic compounds that can be metabolized by
microbes into soil.
Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic?
Glaciers
What is the role of nematodes in soil?
They photosynthesize and fix nitrogen.
Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial
competitors?
Fungi
Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism?
The relationship between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E. coli)
that inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K produced by
E. coli?
Mutualism
Which description of resident microbiota is true?
Resident microbiota constantly live on the human body.
Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human
host?
Mutualism
Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans?
Zoonotic diseases
Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings?
,Nosocomial diseases
Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles?
Respiratory
Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia?
Noninfectious
Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through small
particles expelled by a cough?
Droplet transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother to
child during breastfeeding?
Vertical direct contact transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral pathogen
inside of its body?
Biological vector transmission
Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite?
Indirect contact transmission
Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier?
A healthcare professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected
patient
How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted?
Contaminated food or water
Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?
Birds
Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods?
Rabies
How can adhesins be described?
Adhesins found on the surface of pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
Which description indicates a portal of entry?
Body features through which pathogens can enter host tissue
Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the
lysosome (phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion?
, It prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
Which action refers to a secondary infection?
An infection by one pathogen enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease?
Signs are measurable; symptoms are subjective.
Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom?
Asking patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst?
The period of illness stage
What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease?
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease?
It provides a harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune response?
It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence of pathogens to form
the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune function?
AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to pathogens.
Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific
phagocytes?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19?
Incidence
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Prevalence refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given time?
Pandemic
Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists?
Etiologic agents are the pathogens that cause disease.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
UPDATED
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres?
The rhizosphere is where plants release organic compounds that can be metabolized by
microbes into soil.
Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic?
Glaciers
What is the role of nematodes in soil?
They photosynthesize and fix nitrogen.
Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial
competitors?
Fungi
Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism?
The relationship between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E. coli)
that inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K produced by
E. coli?
Mutualism
Which description of resident microbiota is true?
Resident microbiota constantly live on the human body.
Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human
host?
Mutualism
Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans?
Zoonotic diseases
Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings?
,Nosocomial diseases
Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles?
Respiratory
Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia?
Noninfectious
Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through small
particles expelled by a cough?
Droplet transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother to
child during breastfeeding?
Vertical direct contact transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral pathogen
inside of its body?
Biological vector transmission
Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite?
Indirect contact transmission
Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier?
A healthcare professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected
patient
How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted?
Contaminated food or water
Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?
Birds
Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods?
Rabies
How can adhesins be described?
Adhesins found on the surface of pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
Which description indicates a portal of entry?
Body features through which pathogens can enter host tissue
Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the
lysosome (phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion?
, It prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
Which action refers to a secondary infection?
An infection by one pathogen enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease?
Signs are measurable; symptoms are subjective.
Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom?
Asking patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst?
The period of illness stage
What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease?
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease?
It provides a harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune response?
It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence of pathogens to form
the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune function?
AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to pathogens.
Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific
phagocytes?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19?
Incidence
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Prevalence refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given time?
Pandemic
Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists?
Etiologic agents are the pathogens that cause disease.
